Since its introduction, it has largely replaced the traditional open stone extraction surgery as the treatment of choice for upper urinary tract stones due to its remarkable efficacy and less damage. The incidence of urinary stones in China accounts for about 15%, which can cause hydronephrosis, renal failure and uremia, seriously threatening people’s health and life. Urolithiasis is more prevalent and common among people in the southern region of China. The cause of its development is not completely clear, may be related to the internal environment and sex hormone secretion metabolism, sweating, drinking less water and other lithogenic factors increased. It may also be related to sex hormones, estrogen can increase citrate excretion and reduce urinary stone formation, so the incidence of urolithiasis in women is lower than that in men. The traditional method of urinary tract stone examination is X-ray examination, because the composition of stones is different, some stones are clinically called negative stones, the composition is mostly uric acid or urate, and often cause renal colic, hematuria and other clinical manifestations, easily confused with ureteral tumors, polyps, blood clots, increasing the difficulty of diagnosis. Ultrasonography is still the first choice compared with X-ray, because it is not limited by the presence or absence of stones, no skeletal overlap, no allergy to the contrast agent, and can determine the presence or absence of stones, the location of stones, identify lymphatic calcification, venous stones and appendicular fecal stones, and play a guiding role in stone surgery, lithotripsy, or medication for stone removal. The application of ultrasound for the diagnosis of kidney, ureteral and bladder stones has the advantages of being non-invasive, rapid, accurate, and can be repeated many times, and is even more unique for smaller stones and X-ray negative stones. Accurate diagnosis and treatment greatly reduce and relieve the pain and economic burden of patients.