I. What is meant by respiratory infectious disease?
Respiratory infectious diseases are infectious diseases caused by pathogens that invade from the human nose, throat, trachea and bronchi and other respiratory infections.
B. What are the common respiratory infectious diseases?
Influenza, measles, chickenpox, rubella, mumps, tuberculosis, etc. are common.
What is measles?
It is an acute respiratory infection caused by measles virus. The main symptoms are fever, upper respiratory tract infection, conjunctivitis, etc. The disease is characterized by the appearance of red papules on the skin and mucosal spots of measles on the cheek mucosa. The disease is highly contagious and easily causes epidemics in densely populated areas. A pandemic occurs about once every 2 to 3 years. China since 1965, the start of universal live attenuated measles vaccine, the pandemic has been controlled.
Fourth, the general knowledge of measles transmission.
Source of infection – measles patients from 2 days before the onset to 5 days after the rash, conjunctival secretions, nose, mouth, pharynx, tracheal secretions contain the virus, which is infectious.
Transmission routes — Direct transmission by airborne droplets is the main route, but also indirect transmission through objects contaminated with the virus.
Population susceptibility — The population is generally susceptible. Mostly seen in infants and young children, but in recent years the age of onset has a tendency to shift later.
Clinical manifestations — The incubation period is 10-14 days. The main clinical symptoms are fever, rash and redness of both eyes, lacrimation, photophobia, sneezing, runny nose, cough, and the appearance of measles spots on the cheek mucosa. Complications such as pneumonia, laryngitis and encephalitis may occur during the course of the disease. Persistent immunity is generally obtained after the disease.
V. How individuals can prevent it in daily life.
1. Minimize contact with patients and their families. Improving the immunity of the population is the key to preventing measles, so the implementation of planned immunization of susceptible groups is very important, and should be vaccinated against measles on time.
2, indoor air circulation, less public places during the epidemic season.
3.Calcine the body to enhance resistance to disease.
4.The key is to achieve the “four early”, namely: early detection, early reporting, early isolation, early treatment.
5, diligent hand washing: respiratory secretions such as nasal snot and sputum of patients with respiratory infectious diseases contain a large number of pathogens, which may be transmitted to healthy people through hand contact with secretions, so special emphasis is placed on hand hygiene, using soap or hand sanitizer and washing hands with running water, without wiping hands with dirty towels. When sneezing or coughing, use a handkerchief or tissue to cover your nose and mouth to avoid contaminating others with droplets. During the high incidence of respiratory infections, try not to go to crowded places with dirty air; when you have to go, it is best to wear a mask.
6, drink more water: let the nasal mucosa to keep moist, can effectively resist the invasion of viruses, but also conducive to the excretion of toxins in the body, purify the internal environment.
7, to adhere to physical exercise and cold exercise, appropriate to increase outdoor activities, because exercise can not only promote the body’s blood circulation, enhance cardiopulmonary function, is also a very beneficial exercise for our respiratory system. (But do not exercise in the morning on foggy days, because the dense fog not only contains a lot of harmful substances, and more water vapor, which will affect the gas exchange in the human lungs).
8, supplement nutrition, and properly increase the intake of water and vitamins. Balanced diet, moderate exercise, adequate rest, avoid overexertion. Live a regular life, ensure sleep, do not smoke, drink less alcohol, and pay attention to keep warm to prevent colds and improve their immunity.
9, can be immune prevention: before the epidemic season can be the corresponding vaccination, such as influenza, measles, influenza and other vaccines to prevent the corresponding respiratory infectious diseases.