Incongruent arousal, long manifested as an incongruity between thoughts and feelings and their actions and behaviors, is common in schizophrenia. Mainstream research has shown that biological as well as socio-cultural influences are important contributors to the disease, with current research focusing on biochemical and genetic factors in brain neurophysiology. Some claim that the current diagnostic criteria lack objectivity, arguing that the state of schizophrenia is controversial. It is manifested by the incongruity of thoughts and feelings with their movements and behaviors. Mainstream research has shown that biological as well as socio-cultural influences are important contributors to the disease, with current research focusing on biochemical and genetic factors in brain neurophysiology. Some claim that current diagnostic criteria lack objectivity and consider the state of schizophrenia to be controversial. Although the name schizophrenia literally means split mind, it is not the same as “split personality” and should not be confused with dissociative identity disorders, as is commonly done in articles, movies or popular culture. Nor is schizophrenia associated with a predisposition to violent behavior. Although psychotic states often require psychiatric assistance, schizophrenic patients are not always in such psychotic states.