Cervical conization is an obstetrical and gynecological procedure to remove the cervix, that is, to cut off a part of the cervical tissue in a conical shape from outside to inside. On the one hand, it is performed for pathological examination to confirm the diagnosis of cervical lesions; on the other hand, it is also a treatment method to remove the lesions. Cervical conization belongs to a group of procedures that includes cervical LEEP conization and cold knife conization. Cervical LEEP conization is suitable for CIN1, CIN2, or diagnostic conization, which is performed on an outpatient basis without anesthesia, and is simple, easy to perform and less invasive. However, some hospitals question whether the cutting depth is sufficient and the electric current destroys the tissue edges, affecting the postoperative pathological examination. Cervical cold knife conization is mostly used for more serious lesions such as CIN3, cervical carcinoma in situ and cervical glandular intraepithelial lesions, which require hospitalization, a larger excision area, slightly more traumatic and need to be performed under anesthesia. Cervical conization has a definite effect on HPV titer reduction due to the removal of diseased tissue, but it does not turn negative in all patients; whether it does or not depends on the patient’s resistance and whether there is any further exposure to HPV virus. After conization, the postoperative pathological results are the most important, and it is even more important to treat the results accordingly, which is one of the reasons why conization must be done. Through conization, it is clear that patients with CINIII who do not have fertility requirements and are older can opt for hysterectomy; while for those who are younger and have fertility requirements, the uterus can be preserved for close follow-up; and when conization confirms that the patient has cervical carcinoma in situ, hysterectomy is usually required if there is no fertility requirement, but for those who still have fertility requirements, attempts can be made under close surveillance to When conization confirms early invasive carcinoma with fertility requirements, radical hysterectomy with uterus preservation and artificial pregnancy assistance can be considered, while for patients without fertility requirements, hysterectomy and radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer can be performed.