There is a risk of rupture of large pulmonary alveoli, which are caused by disruption of the alveolar wall, causing adjacent alveoli to fuse with each other into a larger air-containing cavity. Isolated, small-diameter alveoli have no effect on the body and are rarely at risk of rupture. If larger-diameter alveoli, or alveoli adjacent to the pleura, rupture occurs, it can easily lead to rupture of the dirty pleura. Gas enters the pleural cavity through the bronchus and fine bronchus by the rupture of the dirty pleura, thus causing the pleural cavity to present a state of air accumulation and forming a spontaneous pneumothorax. Spontaneous pneumothorax is harmful to human body, which can compress lung tissue and cause pulmonary atelectasis leading to symptoms of chest tightness, shortness of breath and dyspnea, and in serious cases, it can compress the heart and even cause mediastinal oscillation, resulting in serious life-threatening conditions, requiring immediate thoracentesis or closed drainage of the chest cavity to discharge gas to relieve symptoms.