Gitelman syndrome is an autosomal recessive renal tubular disorder that most often begins in adolescence and adulthood. Clinical manifestations are associated with hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, alkalosis, hypercalcemia, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The main manifestations are: I. Neuromuscular system, mainly related to low blood potassium and low blood magnesium, manifested as muscle weakness of limbs, episodic flaccid paralysis, numbness of limbs, twitching of hands and feet, sensory abnormality, fainting, and ataxia. Second, cardiovascular system, low potassium affects cardiac electrophysiology, manifested as palpitation, syncope, arrhythmia and so on. Third, long-term low potassium leads to hypokalemic nephropathy, polyuria, increased nocturia, proteinuria and even affects the sexual function, so that long-term low potassium and low magnesium leads to developmental delay, delayed puberty glucose tolerance abnormality, and even diabetes mellitus. Fourth, there can be gastrointestinal symptoms, vomiting, constipation, thirst and other symptoms.