Cholesteatoma of middle ear is a more serious disease in otitis media, the seriousness of this disease includes the following aspects: 1, cholesteatoma can destroy the auditory ossicles and lead to interruption of loss of auditory ossicles chain, so that the patient has a significant loss of hearing.2, cholesteatoma can destroy the labyrinth of the inner ear and lead to labyrinthitis, which can cause persistent vertigo and a significant loss of hearing.3, cholesteatoma can destroy the facial nerve and lead to the patient’s peripheral facial paralysis. 4, middle ear cholesteatoma can compress and destroy the base of the skull, cranial plate, and invade the intracranium, leading to intracranial complications, such as epidural abscess, brain abscess, cerebral hernia, meningitis, etc., which may endanger the patient’s life. Clinically, cholesteatoma of the middle ear is a very serious disease, this disease is ineffective in the conservative treatment of drugs, once diagnosed, it is recommended to consider surgical treatment, so as not to lead to more serious complications.