Bacteria that produce ESBLs are called ESBLs bacteria, the Chinese meaning of ESBLs is ultra broad-spectrum β-lactamase, which can destroy the structure of penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics, so that these antibiotics lose antibacterial activity, thus making the bacteria resistant to antibiotics. ESBLs are commonly produced by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and other bacteria. ESBLs are one of the consequences of antibiotic abuse in recent years, which bring difficulties to clinical treatment of bacterial infections. Once these bacteria produce ESBLs, they are resistant to antibiotics such as amoxicillin, ampicillin, and ceftazidime, reducing clinical efficacy, but ESBLs can be inhibited by inhibitors of clavulanic acid potassium, sulbactam, and tazobactam. Therefore, once the bacteria are cultured with ESBLs, timely combination of inhibitors is required to increase the clinical efficacy.