Patient: 6 months old, red powdery substance appeared in urine, urine test was normal. The doctor said it was fine. 11 months had a high fever and was cured by hospitalization in Bengbu Affiliated Hospital without finding out the cause of the disease. On September 13, the ultrasound was done for milk powder, and a strong echogenic mass of 9*6mm was seen in the upper pole of the right kidney with a posterior acoustic shadow, while the left kidney did not show any obvious stone acoustic shadow. The bladder was well filled and no abnormal echogenicity was seen in the lumen. The right kidney stone was found in Nanjing on September 17, with a maximum of 5*6 mm. and a range of 6*7 mm on September 25. The local doctor told me to drink water, and I bought a soda drink from a supermarket in Nanjing. Please ask Dr. Huang to diagnose the condition and how to treat it. Also, how much water should I drink per day at most? How much should I drink? What should I pay attention to in my diet? I am only 1 year and 2 months old, can I still drink milk powder? Huang Songming, Nephrology Department, Nanjing Children’s Hospital: Of course you can drink milk powder, now I think the quality of milk will be the best period. The child does not have obstruction and discomfort symptoms, drink more water, eat more vegetables and fruits, and keep enough urine volume. Soda can be drunk, two or three times a day when drinking water can be used. Increase the amount of activity appropriately. If there are no uncomfortable symptoms, the review interval can be longer. Patient: Thank you, Professor Huang, you are so responsible! I would like to ask again: Is it necessary to drink soda drinks (350ml), do I still need to drink soda tablets, and is there an upper and lower limit for children to drink water? Can a stone as big as this be expelled and how long does it take? Huang Songming, Nephrology Department, Nanjing Children’s Hospital: If you drink soda, don’t take soda tablets anymore, and the more alkaline the better. You can check the urinalysis regularly and adjust the amount of soda according to the pH of the urine to keep the pH between 6.2 and 7. The time it takes for the stone to pass varies from person to person, from a week or two to a long time. As long as there are no uncomfortable symptoms, there is no need to be nervous Patient: Thank you, Professor Huang, you said it is the expectation. In the end, is this treatment effective, can the stone be reduced and can it be completely expelled? How much water is appropriate for children to drink every day? Huang Songming, Nephrology Department, Nanjing Children’s Hospital: In fact, the vast majority of children will reduce or disappear by drinking more water to properly alkalize the urine stones, and it is more important to keep enough water and urine volume than soda. Children only need to drink a cup or two more than usual, or more if they are sweating. If your child has difficulty drinking plain water, you can add more water to the milk, and have more soup and water in the diet, preferably vegetable soup. As long as there is enough urine, it will be fine. Patient: Should I be hospitalized for such a large stone? Huang Songming, Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children’s Hospital: If there are no uncomfortable symptoms and no bilateral obstruction, hospitalization is not required.