Pediatric diarrhea is a group of diseases caused by multiple pathogens and factors, mainly diarrhea. It is mainly characterized by an increase in the number of stools and a change in their nature, and may be accompanied by symptoms such as fever, vomiting, abdominal pain and different degrees of disturbances in water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The following methods can give parents guidance on how to prevent and care for pediatric habitual diarrhea. 1.Strict disinfection and isolation Prevent the spread of infection according to the intestinal infectious disease isolation, do bedside isolation, and wash hands carefully before and after caring for the child to prevent cross-infection. (1) Oral rehydration: For children with mild to moderate dehydration and those who are not vomiting or vomiting is not violent and can be given orally, encourage children to take ORS rehydration salts orally several times (refer to Chapter 5, Section 3 for the formula). (2) Intravenous rehydration: ①Establish intravenous access to ensure fluid input as planned, especially in severe dehydration, blood volume must be replenished as soon as possible (30 minutes). ②In accordance with the principles of salt first, sugar second, dense first, then talk, fast then slow, see the urine to replenish potassium, potassium concentration should be less than 0.3%, the total daily potassium replenishment intravenous drip time should not be shorter than 6-8 hours, direct intravenous push is strictly prohibited. (3) Record the infusion volume every hour, adjust the infusion speed according to the condition, and understand the first urination time after rehydration to estimate the efficacy. (3) Correctly record the 24-hour in and out volume. (1) Monitor the change of body temperature: children with high body temperature should be given more water, dried sweat, reduced clothing and eyes, head resting on ice bag and other physical measures, and good oral and skin care. (2) Monitor the manifestation of metabolic acidosis: when the child appears to have deep and fast breathing, mental depression. When the child’s mouth and lips are cherry red and blood PH and CO2CP drop, report to the physician and correct with alkaline drugs. (3) Observe the manifestation of hypokalemia: it often occurs when dehydration is corrected after infusion. The presence of hypokalemia and timely potassium supplementation are necessary. (4) Judgment of the degree of dehydration: Estimate the degree of dehydration by observing the child’s mental state, spirit, skin elasticity, front chimney orbits, body temperature and urine volume, etc. Also, dynamically observe whether the symptoms of dehydration improve after fluid supplementation. (5) Pay attention to the change of stool: observe and record the number, color, nature and amount of stool, and make a good dynamic comparison, so as to provide a reliable basis for the infusion plan and treatment. (4) Adjust the diet As there are digestive disorders in children with diarrhea, arrange the diet reasonably according to the condition of the child to achieve the purpose of reducing the burden on the gastrointestinal tract and restoring digestive function. Generally, in the stage of replenishing accumulated losses, fasting can be temporary for 4-6 hours (except for breastfeeding). After the number of diarrhea decreases, liquid or semi-liquid such as porridge and noodles will be given, and small amounts of meals will be served. Those with disaccharidase deficiency. Sucrose is inappropriate and dairy is suspended. 5, hip care Choose soft cloth diapers, change them regularly, wash the buttocks with warm water and dry them after each use, apply 5% rubbing acid ointment or 40% zinc oxide oil to the local skin redness and massage for a moment to promote local blood circulation. Avoid using impermeable plastic cloth or rubber sheeting to prevent diaper dermatitis. 6. Health education (1) Guide reasonable feeding: promote the advantages of breastfeeding and avoid weaning in summer. Add complementary foods gradually and on time, do not add several complementary foods at the same time, to prevent overeating, partial eating and sudden changes in diet structure. (2) Pay attention to dietary hygiene and cultivate good hygienic habits: pay attention to fresh and clean food and disinfection of food utensils to avoid intestinal infections. Teach children to wash their hands before and after meals and to cut their nails regularly. (3) Enhance physical fitness: treat malnutrition and rickets as early as possible, and do appropriate outdoor activities. (4) Pay attention to climate change: prevent from getting cold or overheating, keep warm in winter and drink more water in summer.