According to the latest survey results of the Chinese Medical Association, liver cancer is one of the top ten most common malignant tumors worldwide, and among the global causes of death from various tumors, liver cancer ranks 7th in men and 9th in women; however, in China, according to the treatment by the Health Planning Commission and the National Office of Cancer Control, the incidence and mortality of liver cancer in men are among the top three in most regions, and the mortality of liver cancer in women is also among the top three. Then, why are there so many liver disease patients in China? According to clinical research for many years, the following risk factors are the main causes of liver cancer: (1) viral hepatitis: among the known hepatitis viruses, except hepatitis A virus, they are all related to liver cancer, but the more researched and more consistent view is that hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are closely related to liver cancer; (2) eating food contaminated with aflatoxin and its toxins (2) Consumption of food contaminated with aflatoxin and its toxins: Moldy food contains a lot of toxins, which can cause degeneration and necrosis of liver cells, and then induce liver cancer. (3) Alcoholism: Epidemiological investigation shows that long-term heavy drinking is related to liver cancer; (4) Water pollution; (5) Chemical carcinogens: Some chemical substances such as nitrosamines, azo mustard, alcohol, organochlorine pesticides, etc. are carcinogens of liver cancer. (6) diabetes, esophageal varices, cirrhosis, fatty liver and other diseases can increase the risk of liver cancer; (7) genetic factors: liver cancer has obvious family aggregation and genetic susceptibility; as we can see, liver cancer is closely related to our usual living habits, so we should do “insist on managing water, managing food and preventing hepatitis” in our life. “Therefore, we should adhere to the seven-word policy of liver cancer prevention. As for the treatment of liver cancer, what can we do? The author believes that we can take three steps. I. Early detection is the key Early detection of liver cancer and enabling patients to receive early diagnosis and treatment are the keys to long-term survival of liver cancer patients. However, because there are no obvious symptoms in early stage of liver cancer, it is extremely difficult to be detected early, and when obvious abdominal pain, jaundice, ascites and wasting appear, liver cancer may have progressed to advanced stage; the natural course of liver cancer is about 2 years since hepatocellular carcinoma, and symptoms appear mostly in the last half year or so, and methemoglobin can be positive 8 months before the appearance of symptoms, thus when there are no symptoms, check methemoglobin and Combined with ultrasound, CT and other imaging techniques, early liver cancer may be detected. Physical examination in healthy people or regular examination in people at high risk of liver cancer can effectively detect early liver cancer. For high-risk people, especially those who have liver disease themselves, it is recommended to have liver cancer examination once every six months, while others should have liver cancer examination once a year. If you have liver cancer, don’t give up hope, seek medical treatment as early as possible to control the progress of the disease so as not to delay the best treatment time! First of all, let’s look at a set of data. According to the latest data from the Health Planning Commission, the overall survival of liver cancer in China after treatment reaches 94.4%, 80% and 30-40% in 1 year, 3 years and 5 years respectively, which was once thought to be unattainable, precisely because of the rapid development of surgical technology. Combined with the latest domestic and international research and the hospital’s decades of experience in liver cancer treatment, surgery has always been the preferred treatment method for liver cancer, and the main treatment means are hepatectomy and liver transplantation. First of all, for limited liver cancer, hepatectomy is preferred when the tumor has not yet metastasized and is not accompanied by cirrhosis; early stage liver cancer has a better chance of surgical resection, better efficacy and longer survival time; for middle and late stage liver cancer, especially huge liver cancer or multiple cancer foci, the radical resection rate is lower and the prognosis is worse. Current hepatectomy includes irregular hepatectomy and precision hepatectomy. Precision hepatectomy is a kind of hepatectomy with minimal liver damage and maximum liver protection method, which has less complications and better efficacy compared with irregular hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. With the popularization of minimally invasive laparoscopic technology, laparoscopic hepatectomy is also gradually carried out in clinical practice, which has the advantages of less trauma, less blood loss and lower surgical mortality. However, since most patients with liver cancer in China are accompanied by cirrhosis, the most effective treatment for small liver cancer accompanied by cirrhosis is liver transplantation, because liver transplantation removes the diseased liver of both liver cancer and cirrhosis, which obviously reduces the postoperative recurrence rate and prolongs the recurrence time. Liver transplantation is mainly used for patients who cannot be removed surgically, cannot be treated with radiofrequency ablation and transcatheter hepatic artery chemoembolization, or whose liver function cannot be tolerated. Liver transplantation is the best treatment for small hepatocellular carcinoma based on cirrhosis, and its efficacy and prognosis are significantly better than hepatectomy, with 5-year survival rate ≥75% and recurrence rate <10%, and it is relatively more widely applicable to patients. The disadvantage is that there are more liver cancer patients in China and the shortage of liver sources makes it easy for liver cancer patients who originally meet the Milan criteria to be unable to undergo liver transplantation due to tumor growth beyond the Milan criteria while waiting for a donor liver. To prevent rapid tumor progression and loss of transplantation opportunity during the waiting time for liver transplantation, remedial liver transplantation, i.e. liver resection and interventional treatment during the waiting period for liver donor, can delay rapid tumor progression and metastasis and provide time for preparing liver transplantation. 3. Can't be operated? There are other treatment means But for those who cannot be resected by surgery, radio-interventional treatment is also feasible, such as selective cannulation through femoral artery to hepatic artery, injection of embolic agents and anti-cancer drugs for chemoembolization, some patients can thus get the chance of surgical resection; Chinese medicine treatment is mostly combined with surgery and radiotherapy in clinical practice, which all play a role in controlling tumor growth and improving body immunity; in addition, biological treatment is also the most important treatment for tumor in 21st century. Biological therapy is the most potential therapy in the 21st century in the field of tumor treatment. Biological therapy is to enhance the body's own defense ability against tumor cells by regulating the body's own biological functions, inhibit the growth of tumor cells, and improve the survival rate and reduce the recurrence rate of patients. Therefore, liver cancer is not scary, the key lies in early detection and timely surgical treatment in hospital.