Hepatectomy is the most effective radical means and the preferred method for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. For hepatocellular carcinoma that can be resected in one stage, radical resection should be performed in time. Irregular local radical resection of liver tumor can preserve normal liver tissues to the maximum extent, which is conducive to postoperative recovery, increase the resection rate of liver cancer and reduce the operative mortality rate, and its long-term efficacy is similar to that of regular resection. The indications for surgery are also expanding. For hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein carcinoma thrombosis or bile duct carcinoma thrombosis, as long as the tumor can be resected, active surgery is appropriate. If the tumor is confirmed to be too large or too close to large blood vessels to be resected radically, non-resectable palliative surgical treatment (such as hepatic artery ligation with intubation chemotherapy, intraoperative freezing or microwave therapy and other local treatments) or non-surgical treatment (hepatic artery chemoembolization is preferred) can be used. The long-term efficacy of this treatment is superior to that of stage I palliative resection. For large tumors (diameter more than 8 cm) and multiple nodules, the envelope is often incomplete and there are intrahepatic dissemination and portal vein thrombosis, so stage I resection is mostly a palliative resection, which is often difficult to remove the tumor completely, and the postoperative stimulation of liver resection may accelerate the dissemination and metastasis of residual cancer. For patients with palliative resection, postoperative anti-tumor therapy should be actively used to control the growth of tumor and further prolong the survival time of patients with tumor. For patients who cannot be resected, it is appropriate to actively adopt comprehensive treatment. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma should be given comprehensive treatment after surgery to prevent the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. In order to reduce recurrence after resection, the principle of tumor-free must be emphasized during surgery, and surgical operations should be carefully performed to avoid excessive local extrusion, reduce medical spread, try to ensure adequate cutting edge and complete removal of cancer thrombus. Since there are many microscopic lesions and portal vein thrombi in the liver tissue around hepatocellular carcinoma, the local resection margin should be more than 1.5 cm from the tumor. After surgery, regular review should be conducted, and any residual cancer or recurrence should be treated promptly. Postoperative hepatic arteriography and appropriate amount of chemoembolization are feasible for early detection and treatment of residual lesions and metastases, and for those who have not found any lesions, it is also helpful to remove the possible residual tumor cells. For recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after resection, those who have the conditions should actively strive for re-surgical resection and radiofrequency ablation treatment. For patients with deeper lesions, multiple lesions and poor liver function, non-surgical treatment such as hepatic artery chemoembolization can be used. Liver transplantation is suitable for patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma combined with severe cirrhosis, but venous cancer thrombosis, intrahepatic dissemination or extrahepatic organ metastasis should be contraindicated. The long-term efficacy of liver transplantation is better than that of hepatectomy. It is currently not suitable as a conventional treatment option.