Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic elevated blood glucose levels due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors, caused by insufficient insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance, and accompanied by metabolic disorders of protein, fat, water and electrolytes. The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing with the improvement of people’s living standards, the aging of the population, and lifestyle changes. Worldwide, 246 million people are currently affected, and if the disease is not effectively controlled at the current rate, the figure will reach 380 million by 2025. In China, diabetes is also increasing year by year. At the end of 2003, there were about 40 million people with diabetes in China, and according to WHO projections, by 2015, the number of people with diabetes will exceed 100 million. Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes, and in Europe and the United States, DN is generally considered to be the most common cause of End-stage renal disease (ESRD). Statistics from the European Society for Dialysis Transplantation in Nephrology show that DN accounts for 28% of ESRD. According to the United States Renal Disease Data System (USRDS) 2007, 43.8% of new ESRD patients (46,851) had diabetes as their first diagnosis, and 36.9% of all ESRD patients had diabetic nephropathy (179,157). Although DN is not the primary cause of ESRD in China, according to the Shanghai Dialysis Transplant Registry, DN has accounted for about 15% of dialysis patients and is increasing at a rate of 8-10% per year. Because of the insidious onset of type 2 diabetes, 5% of patients have combined diabetic kidney damage at the time of diabetes diagnosis. According to a domestic study, the prevalence of microalbuminuria in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients was as high as 20.7% (3,234 subjects, including 710 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Once complications such as diabetic nephropathy occur, the quality of life of patients is greatly reduced and the difficulty of treatment as well as the cost of treatment is significantly higher than in patients without diabetic complications. When a large amount of proteinuria occurs clinically, the damage to the kidneys is often difficult to reverse, and patients will quickly enter the uremic phase. At this time, long-term dialysis is needed to maintain life, and dialysis will bring a huge economic burden to the society. Moreover, its prognosis is also worse than that of non-diabetic patients, with high morbidity and mortality rate. It is worth noting that even if the kidney function of diabetic nephropathy patients is still normal, their mortality rate of cardiovascular disease is significantly higher than that of diabetic patients alone. It is clear that DN is a worldwide public health problem that threatens human health, and it is necessary and urgent to explore the pathogenesis of DN and find effective early prevention and treatment methods, which has become a hot spot for research in the international community today and an urgent problem in the field of kidney disease in China. In the past, most of the DNs were recognized from the kidneys and spleen, and most of the doctors considered blood stasis and toxicity as the main points of the pathogenesis of DN, and thus put forward the viewpoints of “long-term disease into the lobe” and “toxicity damages the kidney lobe”. “DN is not healed for a long time, the Qi and blood are insufficient, the blood is weak, the blood is sluggish and blocked in the luo, the luo vasculature is stagnant, the luo interest becomes accumulation, and finally the miniature Y accumulation is formed in the kidney. In recent years, the doctrine of “miniature Y accumulation in the kidney complex” has gradually become the basis of DN theory research and a new direction to guide DN treatment. Based on the combination of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, we applied the theory of “kidney complex micro-Y accumulation” to create Yi Qi and Tongluo drink, and combined with Western medicine, we confirmed the clinical efficacy of combining Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of stage IV DN. The clinical efficacy of the combination of Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of stage IV DN has been confirmed, thus providing a more favorable treatment method to improve the clinical symptoms, delay the progression and improve the quality of life of patients with DN.