Diabetes mellitus is a common systemic disease with various metabolic disorders present, the basis of which causes lesions in various organs of the body, namely systemic microangiopathy. The so-called microvasculature is the blood vessel connected between tiny arteries and tiny veins. As diabetes affects through various channels, the glycated hemoglobin content of the microvascular wall increases and the wall thickens, causing impairment of microcirculation and thus tissue hypoxia, which again contributes to the aggravation of microangiopathy. Microvascular shuttle in the fundus, heart, brain tissue, nerve skin and other tissues, also walking in the kidney, microvascular lesions, but also the lesions of these tissues and organs too. Microangiopathy of the kidney is glomerulosclerosis, called diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes can damage the kidney in different ways, and can involve all parts of the kidney, such as glomerulosclerosis, renal blood vessels, and renal interstitium, which is often medically referred to as glomerulosclerosis, small arteriosclerosis (i.e., part of systemic small arteriosclerosis), and pyelonephritis (also known as upper urinary tract infection or kidney infection) caused by bacterial infection. Because glomerulosclerosis is directly related to diabetes, it is specifically referred to as “diabetic nephropathy”. Diabetic nephropathy leads to uremia After the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy, if it is not treated reasonably, the small blood vessels and microvessels in the kidney gradually sclerosis, the blood flow in the glomerular capsule from the increase of overload, gradually reduce, with the aggravation of sclerosis, the blood flow filtration amount is sharply reduced, and finally renal failure occurs. Among the causes of death in diabetes, 66% of deaths in the United States are statistically due to uremia. According to the survey data in Beijing and Tianjin, the rate of positive urine protein in male and female diabetic patients was as high as 54.2% and 55.2%, respectively, and in the analysis of the causes of death of 6800 diabetics from 1956 to 1964, 48% of type I diabetics died of renal failure, while 28% died of cardiovascular complications. The 10-year mortality rate of those with diabetes combined with nephropathy was 72%, while 54% of those without combined nephropathy, which shows that diabetic nephropathy is a major threat to the condition of patients. According to a survey, when the blood urea nitrogen of diabetic nephropathy exceeds the normal high value and the blood creatinine exceeds 176.8 micromol/liter, the survival time is 2.7 years, and when the blood urea nitrogen exceeds 30 mmol/liter, the survival time is only 6 months on average if the patient does not receive dialysis or kidney transplantation. Although the people’s health care awareness has improved significantly in recent years, and the drugs to control the development of diabetes are constantly updated and more effective, so that the rate of development of the disease has been alleviated, not as pessimistic as the above survey information, but diabetes is still one of the important killers of human mortality; many countries dialysis center investigation, diabetic nephropathy is the culprit of kidney failure. It is evident that diabetic nephropathy is a disease that deserves high attention. How to detect diabetic nephropathy early? There are various ways to know whether the kidneys are involved after diabetes.
The most accurate one is to take kidney tissue by kidney puncture for pathological examination. Doctors often use urine tests, such as urine microtransferrin and urine microalbumin, for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. When evaluated, positive urine protein is not absolutely caused by diabetes, the doctor must also make a comprehensive analysis based on all aspects of the patient’s condition to confirm the diagnosis. As a diabetic patient, urine tests found proteinuria, should pay attention to the arrival of diabetic nephropathy, early treatment to control the development of the disease. Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic progressive disease, and so is the damage to the kidneys. When persistent proteinuria occurs, diabetes has been occurring for more than 10 years, and some studies have concluded that when type II diabetes appears positive for protein on routine urine tests, it is 15 years from the onset of diabetes. However, the development of diabetic nephropathy is not uniform, the development of the first segment is very slow, once persistent proteinuria appears, the rate of progressive decline in renal function will accelerate, with about 25% of patients developing end-stage renal failure within 6 years, 50% within 10 years, and 75% within 15 years. Most die within 6 years from the appearance of more than 3 grams of proteinuria per day. However, there are many cases where early and reasonable treatment can slow down the decline of kidney function, and there are also some cases of renal insufficiency, but after reasonable treatment, the condition can improve, and the kidney function also improves. The key is early and reasonable.