The risk of gallstone surgery is related to the surgical site and surgical method, as follows: 1. For conventional gallstones, laparoscopic cholecystectomy or laparoscopic biliary stone extraction can be performed, which is less traumatic and relatively less risky; however, for patients with severe underlying diseases or serious comorbidities, the surgical risk is relatively higher; 2. For extrahepatic bile duct stones, laparoscopy is commonly used for bile duct exploration and stone extraction, and T-tubes can be placed and sutured in one stage, with relatively low surgical risk; however, for complex intrahepatic bile duct stones, lobectomy or bile-intestinal anastomosis is usually required, with relatively high surgical risk.