Compression of the sciatic nerve by the pear-shaped muscle can cause pain in the buttocks. The pear-shaped muscle can become hyperplastic, hypertrophic, and adherent due to trauma and inflammation, which can produce painful symptoms by compressing the sciatic nerve during muscle contraction. The main manifestation is pain in the buttocks and lower limbs, which is obviously relieved at rest, and the atrophy of the gluteal muscle is visible on physical examination.