More than 95% of children can be cured after regular treatment in regular hospitals. Other procedures that apply neuroendoscopy to treat hydrocephalus include catheterization, hyaline septal fistula, choroid plexus cautery, and internal shunt for secondary hydrocephalus caused by asymmetric hydrocephalus and intraventricular cysts in the brain pool. This method is a radical approach that can effectively avoid the complications associated with shunts, and once successful, patients benefit for life. Surgery for hydrocephalus in infants and children should be done from the least invasive procedure. The key to surgery is to choose the procedure according to the etiology of hydrocephalus. For hydrocephalus formed by stenosis of the middle cerebral aqueduct or arachnoid cyst, it is recommended to first choose soft neuroelectroventricular endoscopy, to perform dilation of the middle cerebral aqueduct stenosis or stenting of the middle cerebral aqueduct under soft neuroelectroventricular endoscopy, to open the middle cerebral aqueduct to solve the hydrocephalus problem, or to perform a third ventriculostomy or arachnoid cyst ventriculoscopic windowing and internal drainage. For children with traffic hydrocephalus or those for whom ventriculoscopic internal drainage is not effective, ventriculoperitoneal shunts are the only way to relieve hydrocephalus. Sometimes the hydrocephalus is so severe that the parenchymal part of the brain is very thin at the time of the child’s visit. In this case, the risk of doing ordinary shunt is quite high, which may cause intracranial hemorrhage and disability or even death, so a pressure-regulating tube is needed.