According to relevant data, the incidence of congenital hydrocephalus in newborns in China is 11.84 cases per million, accounting for 56.25% of neurological defects in newborns. The incidence of post-traumatic hydrocephalus is 4.5%, and it can develop in almost all age groups. Children with hydrocephalus is also often called pediatric hydrocephalus, which is generally congenital, and its this symptom changes continuously with age, with rapid and progressive enlargement of the skull within weeks or months after birth, along with round skull bones, frontal top projection, enlarged bulging fontanelle, and both eyes downward in the form of sunset sign. As the child grows older, it may manifest as speech disorders, limb paralysis, ataxia, walking difficulties, and mental retardation, epilepsy, vomiting, convulsions, strabismus, etc. It has a great impact on the baby’s intelligence and future life. There are two treatment options for hydrocephalus in children, one is drug treatment and the other is surgery. Mild hydrocephalus can be recovered with standard medication, while severe cases require surgical intervention. Conventional hydrocephalus shunt is a widely performed clinical procedure, but it is not suitable for children because of the high probability of postoperative blockage and infection. Children are normally in the growth and development stage, early diagnosis and early treatment will gradually restore the neurological function of the child, and it is recommended to go to the cerebrospinal fluid department of a regular hospital for treatment with specialized cerebrospinal fluid technology.