Hydrocephalus is a common disease in neurosurgery, and children with hydrocephalus are generally divided into obstructive hydrocephalus and communicating hydrocephalus, with specific causes such as congenital developmental abnormalities, post-infection of the central nervous system, and tumors. Once hydrocephalus is diagnosed, if it has developed to a certain extent, surgery should be performed as soon as possible. There are many surgical procedures, including ventriculoperitoneal shunt and ventriculoscopic fistulotomy of the third ventricular floor. The former is the most widely used surgical procedure, choosing a specific shunt tube, inserting one end into the lateral ventricle and one end into the abdominal cavity under the skin to divert the high pressure cerebrospinal fluid into the abdominal cavity and then absorb it, but the shunt tube should be left in the body for life (buried in the body), and after surgery there are infections, blockage of the shunt tube, not long enough with growth, etc. After these complications occur, the shunt tube should be replaced, without the above complications it does not affect the patient’s life The latter does not have the problem of shunt implantation, but there are certain risks associated with the surgery and there are strict indications for surgery in infants and children, so the specific method to be used should be decided by the doctor according to the specific condition. The patient’s recovery after surgery is related to the specific condition and is subject to long-term observation after surgery.