[As reported in the December 2008 special issue of Oncology on hepatocellular liver cancer] Title: Sonazoid-enhanced ultrasonography in the evaluation of transhepatic artery embolization chemotherapy for hepatocellular liver cancer Hepatocellular liver cancer is one of the common lethal tumors worldwide, and many patients are not suitable for resection or transplantation at the time of detection. Transhepatic artery embolization chemotherapy (TACE) and other local ablative therapies are one of the main treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma that is not suitable for surgical resection. Therefore, the evaluation of tumor residual blood supply after TACE is very important for the selection and conduct of treatment plan. Enhanced CT is currently the most commonly used evaluation tool. Due to the influence of iodine oil deposited inside the tumor, both necrotic and active parts of the tumor appear high density under enhanced CT within a short period of time after treatment, and it is difficult to distinguish them. Ultrasound is not interfered by iodine oil, has the advantages of no radiation, real-time, and can be repeated. The results of the application of the first generation of acoustic contrast agent represented by Levovist showed that ultrasound imaging can sensitively and accurately evaluate the residual blood supply after tumor treatment, which provides a new way for short-term evaluation after TACE. Xia et al. used Sonazoid, a second-generation acoustic contrast agent, as a contrast agent to evaluate ultrasonography and enhanced CT in 43 patients with hepatocellular liver cancer one week after TACE treatment, and analyzed and compared the two methods in terms of tumor blood supply detection rate, and performed enhanced CT follow-up observation in 16 patients who did not undergo any treatment two months after TACE treatment. The results showed that the detection rate of tumor residual blood supply was 58.1% (25/43) by ultrasonography and 39.5% (17/43) by enhanced CT one week after TACE, and the sensitivity of ultrasonography in detecting tumor residual blood supply was significantly higher than that of enhanced CT (P<0.05). The ultrasonography results one week after TACE were in full agreement with the enhanced CT results two months after TACE. The study concluded that ultrasonography is a sensitive and accurate evaluation method that can be used for the evaluation of residual blood supply in the short term after TACE.