Varicocele does not always affect fertility. The indications for varicocele surgery are, in principle, the following: 1. varicocele with infertility; 2. severe varicocele with scrotal swelling and discomfort, which seriously affects the quality of life; 3. mild or moderate varicocele with abnormal semen quality or obvious symptoms (such as swelling and pain) or testicular shrinkage and softening; 4. adolescent patients limited to severe varicocele and symptoms are obvious (persistent pain) and ipsilateral testis development is retarded and reduced in size. Surgery is the main treatment method, which can achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Secondary factors such as renal tumor, hydronephrosis, retroperitoneal tumor, and ectopic vessels should be excluded first. At present, surgical treatment includes laparoscopic surgery, retroperitoneal high ligation of the internal spermatic vein, micro ligation of varicocele, etc. Micro ligation of varicocele has the advantages of less surgical trauma, less damage to the internal spermatic artery and lymphatic vessels, less leakage of spermatic veins, low postoperative complications and recurrence rate compared with the first two procedures, and is currently recognized as the preferred treatment for varicocele.