Varicocele is one of the common causes of male infertility, with a prevalence of 21-42%, which is significantly higher than that of 10%-16% in the general population. Because varicocele affects the testicular metabolism and endocrine function, it can lead to testicular tissue abnormalities, including testicular spermatogenic cell loss, interstitial vasculopathy, epididymal dysfunction and testicular lesions on one side of the varicocele. In addition, varicocele can also lead to shrinkage of the testicular varicocele and hyaline degeneration of the boundary membrane. Clinically, varicocele infertility is characterized by abnormal semen quality: decrease in spermatozoa, decrease in viability, increase in deformed sperm and infantile sperm, and in severe cases, azoospermia. Western medicine generally advocates surgical treatment for varicocele, which usually involves high ligation of the internal spermatic vein or high ligation plus inferior abdominal wall vein (or external iliac vein or great saphenous vein) diversion. However, some scholars believe that surgical treatment does not significantly improve the fertility of varicocele patients. In clinical practice, after surgical treatment of varicocele, there are also many patients who are unable to have children even though their semen quality has improved; some of them have no improvement in semen quality, or even decrease. Also some of the surgically treated patients have problems such as postoperative recurrence and postoperative complications. Therefore, many patients with infertility caused by varicocele have doubts about surgical treatment and are reluctant to undergo surgery. Since the pathogenesis of varicocele infertility has not been fully elucidated, there are no special drugs for the treatment of reproductive pathology in western medicine. Most of the drugs used clinically are non-specific drugs adopted by experience. Therefore, it is promising to exploit the advantages of Chinese medicine and develop the application of Chinese medicine for the treatment of varicocele infertility. In the early 80s, we used the method of activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis to treat varicocele infertility and achieved better results. In recent years, we have developed the experimental formula Tongjing Decoction for the treatment of varicocele infertility into a punch. In order to explore the effect of the experimental formula Tongjing Decoction on the semen quality of patients with varicocele infertility. From September 1996, 75 infertility patients with moderate to severe varicocele with low semen quality were divided into herbal treatment group (44 cases) and surgical treatment group (31 cases), and the semen quality, especially sperm motility parameters, before and after treatment were studied by computerized semen analyzer, and semen volume and fertility rate were also observed. After one year of observation, it was found that the sperm viability, vitality and motility parameters of both groups were significantly lower than the normal level before treatment. Moreover, the sperm density, motile sperm count and forward motion sperm were lower in the Chinese medicine group than in the surgery group. The results of our controlled study showed that patients with varicocele infertility could achieve the effect of surgical treatment by treatment with Tongjian punch. Although the sperm density, motile sperm count, and forward motion sperm density were better in the surgical group than in the herbal group before treatment, the main indexes of semen computerized auto-analyzer examination improved in both groups of patients with varicocele infertility after treatment, and in the surgical group at follow-up, the patients showed an increase in sperm density, motile sperm count, forward motion sperm count, activity rate, and grade 4 vitality. However, the improvement in semen quality was more obvious in the herbal group than in the surgical group after treatment, and there were highly significant increases in sperm motility parameters such as sperm density, motile sperm count, motility rate, and rapid sperm motility speed, as well as significant improvements in forward motility sperm count and forward motility rate. It showed that the treatment of varicocele infertility with Tongzheng Punch could achieve the effect of surgical treatment, and it was more significant than surgical treatment in improving semen quality. The mechanism of infertility caused by varicocele is more complicated, besides local testicular and epididymal blood circulation disorders, it may also be related to systemic factors, such as psycho-neurological factors, endocrine factors, systemic blood and blood circulation factors, etc. Chinese medicine treatment can be based on the overall concept of Chinese medicine, focusing on the treatment of local blood stasis lesions, but also pay attention to the whole body qi and blood regulation, so as to achieve the purpose of invigorating blood and sperm, promoting the improvement of semen quality and restoring fertility. Varicocele belongs to the category of “tendon tumor”, “tendon hernia” and “partial fall” in Chinese medicine. The clinical manifestations of varicocele are dilated, tortuous, curved, or even twisted into clusters, with visible veins. According to Chinese medicine, this disease is mostly due to the deficiency of congenital endowment, deformed and twisted veins, resulting in poor blood flow, stagnation of blood stasis, old blood does not go, new blood is difficult to come, blood stasis can cause qi stagnation, and qi is the handsome of blood, qi stagnation can aggravate blood stagnation, qi stagnation and blood stagnation as a cause and effect, the external kidneys (testes) lose nourishment, resulting in blood does not produce sperm, kidneys do not store sperm, therefore leading to infertility. According to the “Medical Lin Correction”, “the blue tendons are exposed, not tendons, but also the blood vessels that are present in the skin, and those who have green blood vessels have blood stasis inside”. Therefore, the treatment of varicocele combined with infertility should seize the main link of “blood stasis”, and its treatment should be based on activating blood and removing blood stasis. The treatment should focus on invigorating the blood and resolving stasis, regardless of whether the patient is suffering from qi stagnation, liver cold, qi deficiency or kidney deficiency. In the later stage, the kidney essence is mostly damaged, so we can also add some kidney essence tonics, such as deer horn tablets, Epimedium, Cistanches, Fructus Lycii and Semen Cuscutae, which can improve the efficacy. The formula mainly consists of Danshen, Peach kernel, Curcuma longa, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Achyranthes bidentatae, Radix Bupleurum and Radix Astragali. Among them, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Radix Achyranthes bidentata are the key medicines to invigorate blood circulation and resolve blood stasis, with the function of removing blood stasis and opening up the essence, so that new blood can be generated; Radix et Rhizoma Chai Hu can remove liver stagnation and regulate qi, and Radix Astragali can benefit qi and nourish deficiency; the combination of the two can not only remove stagnation, but also benefit qi and help blood circulation. The combination of the two can not only remove stagnation, but also benefit Qi to help blood flow. The combination of the two can remove blood stasis, regulate qi and nourish blood, and promote the effect of sperm production. According to pharmacological research, most of the blood activating and stasis removing drugs have protective effects on hypoxia and ischemia. From the controlled study, it was found that the herbal medicine group had more advantages in semen quality improvement and was easily accepted by patients, which is worth promoting. Chinese herbal medicine treatment of varicocele combined with infertility eliminates the psychological fear and physical pain caused by surgery, provides a new treatment pathway for non-surgical treatment of the disorder, and is not a bad conservative treatment for pre-surgical patients.