Poor semen quality in men such as oligospermia and weak spermatozoa may affect male fertility, and while there are more factors affecting semen quality, there are few causes that may be clinically detected by medical means. One of the common causes of male infertility is varicocele. Varicocele is a common disease causing male infertility, with an incidence of about 15% in the general population and an incidence of up to 35% in primary infertility and 75% in secondary infertility, according to the literature. The exact mechanism of infertility due to varicocele is unclear and may be related to poor venous blood return or reflux leading to high temperature, hypoxia, metabolic waste accumulation, nephrotoxic substance reflux, and oxidative stress in the scrotum. Varicocele can not only affect semen quality, but also lead to testicular atrophy, reduced testosterone production, pain and discomfort. The effect of varicocele on the testes is a continuous process, the longer the time and the heavier the varicocele the greater the effect, and the slower the recovery after treatment. Self-examination of varicose spermatozoa: in a relaxed standing position with the scrotum naturally hanging down, palpate the spermatic cord above the testicles, if the spermatic cord is significantly thicker, or significantly thicker than the opposite side (usually more pronounced on the left side than the right side), it may suggest varicose spermatozoa. Varicocele is clinically classified into 3 grades: Grade I: no varicose veins are found on palpation, but varicose veins can be palpated by Valsava breathing (holding the breath after deep inhalation); Grade II: varicose veins can be palpated but not visible to the naked eye; Grade III: varicose veins like earthworm-like varicose veins in the scrotum can be seen with the naked eye. If soft tissue masses are palpable in the scrotum during physical examination, it is possible that varicose veins are present and may be above grade II. If you find varicose veins on your own it is recommended that you come to the hospital to be evaluated for treatment. Internationally renowned urological societies such as the American Urological Association and the European Urological Association recommend spermatic vein ligation in cases of clinically palpable varicocele with male infertility, one or more abnormal semen parameters, and normal female fertility. Surgery is also recommended in adolescents with clinically palpable varicocele with ipsilateral testicular volume reduction. Varicocele causing scrotal swelling and discomfort can also be treated surgically. Surgical treatment of varicocele can effectively improve the quality of semen, with a 60%-80% improvement in semen quality and a 54% pregnancy rate among spouses 2 years after surgery (experience of Peking University Hospital Male Center). However, surgical treatment of varicocele needs to grasp the indications, and abuse of surgery is not beneficial to patients.