Diseases that can be treated with stem cell therapy include osteoarthritis, stroke, diabetes, leukemia, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Stem cell therapy, also known as stem cell transplantation, involves the transplantation of healthy stem cells into the patient’s body, which can repair or replace damaged cells or tissues to achieve the purpose of healing. 1. Osteoarthritis: Stem cell therapy can reduce and alleviate the clinical symptoms of osteoarthritis, improve cartilage defects, and enhance the therapeutic effect. 2. Stroke: Stem cell therapy can effectively reduce brain damage and help patients recover. 3. Diabetes: Stem cells can be induced to differentiate and proliferate into pancreatic islet cells in the pancreatic tissue as the environment, replacing damaged pancreatic islet β-cells, secreting insulin and curing diabetes. 4. Leukemia: High-dose chemotherapy can be used to kill leukemia cells, and stem cell infusion can be used to promote the body’s recovery and help make normal blood cells again. 5. Systemic lupus erythematosus: mesenchymal liver cells have an immunoregulatory effect on T cells, B cells and NK cells, which helps to rebuild the immune system. There are many other diseases that stem cell transplantation can be applied to, such as immune system diseases, neurological diseases, etc. It is recommended that patients go to regular hospitals in time to choose appropriate treatment plans under the guidance of doctors and actively diagnose and treat them.