The causes of acne are complex and not yet fully understood. Many factors are involved in the development of acne, including genetics, immunity, mental stress, endocrine disorders, the use of certain drugs (such as isoniazid and corticosteroids), the use of cosmetics, dietary stimulation and the consumption of excess sugar and fat.
The development of acne is mainly related to androgens, increased sebum production, hyperkeratosis of the epithelium at the mouth of the hair follicle, Propionibacterium acnes and genetics. The development of the sebaceous glands is regulated by androgens. The increase in androgen production during puberty increases the size of the sebaceous glands and increases sebum secretion.
At this time, microorganisms such as Propionibacterium acnes, Malassezia and Staphylococcus epidermidis, which are normally parasitic in the hair follicles, proliferate. The latter produces inflammatory factors such as lysosomal enzymes and reactive oxygen species that cause the follicle wall to rupture and the follicle contents to enter the surrounding dermis, further aggravating the inflammatory response and causing a range of clinical manifestations from inflammatory papules to cystic damage.
The causes of acne are complex and not yet fully understood. Many factors are involved in the development of acne, including genetics, immunity, mental stress, endocrine disorders, the use of certain drugs (such as isoniazid, corticosteroids, etc.), the use of cosmetics, dietary stimulation, and the consumption of excessive sugar and fat.