Cerebral infarction is caused by ischemia of cerebral blood supply arteries, and most cerebral infarctions are caused by thrombosis and thromboembolism resulting in occlusion of intracerebral arteries. In the early stage of cerebral infarction, the central part of the infarction is irreversibly necrotic, and if the cerebral blood flow is restored in time and the metabolism of the brain tissue is improved it is possible to save the semi-dark zone tissue around the cerebral infarction to avoid the formation of permanent necrosis (cerebral infarction). Therefore, revascularization is the best treatment at present. Revascularization can be achieved by intravenous thrombolysis, arterial thrombolysis, and arterial thrombolysis. Intravenous thrombolysis There is strong evidence that intravenous thrombolysis of acute cerebral infarction patients with rt-PA (recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator) within 4.5 hours of onset (time window) reduces the chances of severe disability and death, and greatly improves the quality of life of the patient. rt-PA dissolves blood clots, but it must be administered intravenously to the patient within 4.5 hours of onset. rt-PA dissolves blood clots, but it is necessary to inject it into the patient’s body through the vein within 4.5 hours of onset. The most significant risk of rt-PA treatment is the possibility of severe brain hemorrhage, which occurs in about 1 in 15 cases, and even sometimes leads to death, although the rate of death is much lower. If IV thrombolysis is given to eligible patients within 3 hours of the onset of the disease, the number of people who benefit from it is more than 10 times the number of people who have a severe hemorrhage; if it is applied within 4.5 hours of the onset of the disease, the benefits still outweigh the disadvantages. For the total patient population, the potential benefits of this treatment far outweigh the risks. However, for the individual patient, the decision to undergo this treatment needs to be made on his or her own. Intravenous thrombolytic therapy requires the patient to arrive at the hospital in the shortest possible time and complete a series of diagnostic procedures, investigations, and medications within 4.5 hours (preferably 3 hours) of the onset of symptoms. The earlier the patient arrives at the hospital, the more effective the treatment will be and the lower the chance of brain hemorrhage. Arterial thrombolysis Arterial thrombolysis is a minimally invasive neuroradiological interventional endovascular procedure, which is a super-selective arterial thrombolysis based on intravenous thrombolysis by applying neuroradiological interventional methods. Theoretically, arterial thrombolysis has a higher rate of revascularization than intravenous thrombolysis, and also has the advantages of high local concentration of thrombolytic drugs and small dose. Arterial thrombolysis has been shown to be effective in patients with embolization of the internal carotid system (including the middle cerebral artery) within 6 hours of onset. For patients with basilar artery thrombosis, since the mortality rate after basilar artery thrombosis is very high and arterial thrombolysis may be the only rescue method, patients with basilar artery occlusion may benefit from arterial thrombolysis within a certain period of time, and thus the time window and indications for arterial thrombolysis may be appropriately relaxed. However, arterial thrombolysis has specific risks and complications, and whether a patient can benefit from arterial thrombolysis depends on the development of the patient’s condition.