Explaining the top questions about true hemangioma

Hemangioma is a common congenital benign tumor in infants and young children, with a high incidence of female infants and a female:male ratio of 3:1. The incidence of hemangioma in infants within 1 year of age is 10%. The etiology and pathogenesis of hemangiomas are unknown, and they can occur anywhere on the body, including the head, neck, limbs, and torso, and even in the internal organs. It is not obvious at birth, or just a small red spot, as if it is a rash or a mosquito bite, and then grows rapidly after about 4 weeks of age, turning into a red spot and rising above the skin. If the growth is on the face, it may not only cause deformity, but also affect the motor function, such as eye closure and mouth opening movement; in some cases, secondary infection may also occur in the tumor. The fastest changes usually occur at four or five months of age, which is when parents are most nervous and go to the doctor. Another characteristic of this type of hemangioma is that there is a distinct proliferation period (usually from the first 5 months to 1 year) and a natural regression period. The regression period is usually quiescent after 1 year. The regression is slow, the lesions change from bright red to dark purple and brown, and the skin can be florid. According to statistics, about 50% to 60% of patients completely fade away within 5 years; 75% fade away within 7 years; about 10% to 30% of patients can continue to fade until about 10 years old, but can be incomplete fade. Therefore, the so-called regression completion period is generally between 10 and 12 years of age. The complete regression of large hemangiomas can be followed by local hyperpigmentation, shallow scars, skin atrophy and sagging, and other signs. Most of the hemangiomas on the skin surface appear about 2 weeks after birth, followed by a rapid growth period of about 1 year, and the most rapid growth occurs in the first few months. There are two main reasons for the delayed treatment: on the one hand, the lack of awareness of the hazards of hemangioma and the blind waiting for the best time for treatment, and on the other hand, the failure to diagnose certain hemangiomas in time due to their special characteristics, resulting in misdiagnosis and mistreatment and delayed treatment. There are many methods used to treat hemangioma, including freezing, laser, sclerotherapy, isotope therapy, radiation therapy, hormone and surgery, etc. Each treatment method has its corresponding indications. Generally speaking, freezing, laser and isotope are suitable for superficial skin hemangioma, radiation, hormone and surgery are suitable for heavier hemangioma, and sclerotherapy is more widely indicated. In addition to the treatment effect, two points should be considered in the selection of treatment methods. On the one hand, the best effect should be achieved from the aesthetic point of view, such as for facial hemangioma, which accounts for more than half of the total number of hemangiomas, if the method is not chosen properly or operated properly, it can cause scars, especially freezing and isotope; on the other hand, the adverse consequences of the toxic side effects of the method on the body, such as isotope because of its large side effects, easy to cause For example, isotopes are gradually eliminated due to their side effects, which are more likely to cause pigment loss, deposition and radioactive dermatitis, etc. We can cure strawberry and cavernous hemangioma simply by local urea injection treatment, which is safe and effective without toxic side effects, and is the ideal hemangioma treatment method at present.