With increased health awareness and the popularity of health checkups, liver cysts are being detected more and more often and earlier. A comprehensive understanding of liver cysts can help remove unnecessary worries for everyone. Liver cysts are classified as single or multiple, and some multiple liver cysts are also known as polycystic liver, which often appear at the same time with polycystic kidney. The cystic cavity is usually not connected to the bile duct and the cyst is a closed cavity consisting of an arrangement of epithelial cells with clear fluid. In most cases there are no symptoms, and this is a benign lesion that rarely becomes malignant, so it does not need to be treated at all and regular review is sufficient. Therefore, there is no need to panic when liver cysts are found, but it is necessary to know two things: which diseases to distinguish from and what conditions need to be treated. This is also the main purpose of the consultation. In addition to liver cysts, there are also liver abscesses, liver tumors, cystic dilatation of bile ducts, and liver encapsulation disease. Generally, liver abscess has fever and pain; liver worm disease has the habit of eating raw beef and mutton; bile duct cystic dilatation has jaundice and abdominal pain; liver tumor has abdominal pain and history of hepatitis B, etc. Of course the identification of these diseases requires professional medical knowledge and further examination, the general population only needs to do general understanding. So which cases need surgical treatment? The author believes that the size of the cyst is not a clear indication and the need for treatment should be determined according to the impact of the cyst on people’s quality of life. 1.The appearance of obvious abdominal pain symptoms suggests that the cyst has bleeding and infection. 2.The appearance of gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, postprandial fullness and wasting suggests that the cyst is too large to compress the gastrointestinal tract. 3.Repeated chills, fever and increased blood count are signs of cyst infection. 4.The appearance of jaundice indicates that the cyst is compressing the bile duct, or it is connected with the bile duct causing cholangitis. 5.hepatic insufficiency, portal hypertension, hypersplenism and gastrointestinal bleeding due to polycystic liver. In these cases, it is necessary to deal with them, and a professional physician needs to develop a reasonable way according to the situation. The most thorough way is of course to remove the cyst; cyst windowing is only effective for certain parts of the cyst; cyst infection is serious and needs to be drained first and then radical surgery in the second stage; cyst bleeding, cyst wall may be malignant, cyst connected with bile duct, cyst combined with cirrhosis, portal hypertension, etc. require more individualized and specialized treatment.