Nerve entrapment syndromes that manifest in the hand and wrist include carpal tunnel syndrome and ulnar tunnel syndrome. Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome. The increased pressure in the carpal tunnel caused by any cause is the compression of the median nerve to produce nerve dysfunction, which is called carpal tunnel syndrome. It occurs mostly in middle-aged people and is more common in women. The carpal tunnel is a bony fibrous sheath with one side being the transverse carpal ligament on the palmar side and the rest being bony, called the carpal tunnel. The carpal tunnel, composed of carpal bone and synovial tissue, contains a median nerve from the forearm and nine long tendons, which are closely arranged. The median nerve exits the carpal tunnel and is divided into lateral and medial branches, which are responsible for hand muscles and skin sensation, so compression of the nerve in the carpal tunnel often results in sensory and motor dysfunction. It is generally believed that any lesion that causes an increase in the volume of various tissues in the carpal tunnel or a decrease in the volume of the carpal tunnel can cause compression of the median nerve and lead to this disease. Diagnostically, there is numbness and pain in the thumb, index finger, and middle finger, especially nocturnal pain or pain that is aggravated at night, pain that radiates proximally, abnormal nerve sensation in the distal median nerve distribution area of the wrist, and motor impairment. In terms of treatment, early stage patients are required to arrange regular conservative treatment, including: wearing wrist brace to restrict the movement of wrist joint; intracarpal tunnel cortisone injection; oral vitamin B6; oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs; and control of primary diseases such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, etc. Surgery is recommended for those who still show the following manifestations after conservative treatment, such as: atrophy or weakness of the interosseous muscles, significant decrease in patient sensation on objective examination, electromyography showing fibrillation, and persistence of symptoms for more than 1 year. Surgery is performed to dissect the transverse carpal ligament and decompress the median nerve. The surgery is performed by direct incision and release of the carpal tunnel, or it can be performed minimally invasively under arthroscopy with satisfactory results.