Severe craniocerebral injury is a complex and serious injury with high mortality. However, with the rapid development of neurosurgery, the survival rate of these patients has increased significantly due to the effective work of life support systems. Most patients survive, but often have varying degrees of neurological deficits, such as impairments in consciousness, movement, sensation, speech, cognitive function, and defecation and urination. These impairments can affect the patient’s life and work, causing pain and difficulties to the patient and his family, and also causing a great burden to the country. Injuries to the central nervous system were previously thought to be impossible to recover from, but through long-term clinical practice, neurorehabilitationists Bathe A and Kennard proposed the theory of brain plasticity and functional reorganization as early as the 1930s. It is believed that central nervous system damage is not due to regeneration, but to a new way of compensating for the lost functions through functional reorganization of the remaining parts. In this process, rehabilitation training is necessary. Moreover, it is difficult to separate the acute post-injury care from rehabilitation, and many avoidable disabilities will occur when the patient is still in the life-saving phase and the problems that will be faced after survival are neglected. Therefore, early rehabilitation measures are of key importance to the patient’s future functional recovery. Features of early rehabilitation 1. Early rehabilitation can reduce the scope of neuronal necrosis and activate early “immediate genes”, therefore, the earlier the rehabilitation intervention, the better. Some authors believe that rehabilitation intervention should be provided from the very beginning of craniocerebral injury to assess the severity of injury and predict the prognosis in the acute phase, and to provide a basis for further rehabilitation treatment. 2.Early postoperative rehabilitation should focus on restoring the physiological balance of the nervous system, with clinical pharmacotherapy as the center, and other rehabilitation measures should be applied at the same time. 3.Early rehabilitation is not a specialized treatment but a comprehensive multidisciplinary joint treatment, which should be carried out under the guidance of neurosurgeons, and the treatment of patients should be combined with treatment, rehabilitation and nursing. 4, the purpose of early rehabilitation is not only to reduce the death rate, more importantly, to improve the success rate of wake-up call, to lay a good foundation for the recovery period of functional rehabilitation. Patients with severe craniocerebral injury often fall into coma immediately after the injury, and the time of awakening is an important factor affecting the prognosis, therefore, rehabilitation intervention should be carried out during the coma period. Therefore, rehabilitation interventions should be carried out during the coma period. While promoting awakening treatment, early passive rehabilitation treatment can avoid further development of disuse state and lay a good foundation for functional recovery after awakening. Early replacement of passive treatment with active rehabilitation treatment after waking up promotes further recovery of limb function. In coma patients, we should pay attention to limb positioning and passive functional movements, which directly affect the motor function of patients after awakening, and prevent the development of disuse syndrome and misuse syndrome; swallowing function training is directly related to the patient’s feeding, we use ice saline to stimulate the pharynx to promote the recovery of swallowing function; hyperbaric oxygen can improve the oxygen supply to the brain, by increasing the blood oxygen concentration, increasing the blood oxygen tension, expanding the effective oxygen diffusion radius in tissues, and thus improving the brain function. In addition, under hyperbaric oxygenation, the cerebral vasculature can be constricted while the oxygen supply to brain cells is improved, so that cerebral edema can be controlled, which is conducive to reducing secondary damage to brain tissue. In addition, by restoring and maintaining the cellular “pump” function and eliminating sodium and water retention in the injured brain cells, cerebral edema can also be reduced, and the recovery of reversible cells can be promoted, capillary formation in the injured area and the establishment of collateral circulation can be promoted, brain stem function can be improved, and the reticulo-superior system can be activated, thus promoting the early awakening of patients. Acoustic music, photoelectricity, various sensory stimulation and motor function promotion techniques are conducive to increasing the tension of the central nervous system, lowering the arousal threshold of patients, thus regulating the abnormal inhibition of the reticular system of the cerebral cortex, improving the impairment of consciousness, protecting normal brain cells and brainstem function, and promoting the awakening of patients. After surgery, some brain cells of patients with severe craniocerebral injury are damaged, but because the central nervous system has the ability to reorganize or plasticity in structure or function, some neurons can be regenerated when the conditions are suitable, and the application of neuropropagation technology can promote functional compensation and functional reorganization of the brain after surgery. In the rehabilitation treatment, through motor function training, the afferent impulses received by the receptors can promote the development of plasticity of cortical functions, so that the lost functions can be restored, and the normal motor function pattern of the limb can be formed to achieve the maximum recovery of motor functions, thus avoiding the occurrence of disuse syndrome and misuse syndrome, and ensuring the recovery of limb functions after surgery. Physical therapy for paralyzed limbs can improve blood circulation, reduce muscle tone, promote functional recovery, and delay and prevent muscle atrophy. Acupuncture therapy has a good regulating effect on both overall and local functions, and acupuncture can promote the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves. Therefore, early rehabilitation treatment for patients with heavy craniocerebral injury can maximize the recovery of their functions, which can significantly improve the quality of life and self-care ability of patients and facilitate their return to society.