1.Neuroendoscopy is replacing microscope to become the best surgical method for pituitary tumors. Through craniotomy ——- transoral-nasal-pterygoid surgery ——– via single nostril surgery ———- single nostril neuroendoscopic surgery Pituitary tumors are more and more traumatized by the surgery, and more protection of the nasal mucous membrane and nasal septum can be achieved during the operation to reduce the perforation of the nasal septum; the endoscope can penetrate deep into pterygoid sinus, so that the tumors can be more fully resected, and the normal pituitary function can be effectively protected. Resection, while the normal pituitary function is effectively protected, postoperative urolithiasis, a complex and dangerous complication that increases the patient’s pain, prolongs the patient’s hospitalization time, and increases the economic cost, the application of neuroendoscopy makes one of the complications to be significantly reduced. 2.Many patients with hydrocephalus can avoid lifelong tube and various tube complications. In the past, patients with hydrocephalus needed ventriculo-peritoneal shunt treatment, which required a shunt tube from the ventricle of the brain to be sent to the abdominal cavity through subcutaneous tunnels, and a lifelong tube, which may be clogged with the tube lumen, infected, over-shunted, insufficiently shunted, and shunt failure. Ventriculoscopy allows the endoscope to be delivered into the ventricles of the brain through a small bony hole in the forehead, and instruments are used to open the fistula at the base of the tricuspid ventricle through the endoscopic instrumentation lumen, allowing the cerebrospinal fluid to cross over the area of obstruction. The patient will not require shunt surgery and a lifelong tube. There will also be no series of complications with the tube. 3.Cerebral ventricular diseases: cerebral cysticercosis, ventricular tumors and so on. 4.Arachnoid cyst Relative to microscopic surgery, the use of neuroendoscopy is less traumatic, the bone window is small, and the effect is better; relative to shunt surgery, it is more reliable, less expensive, and more in line with the patient’s natural circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. 5, many microsurgery alternative or with collaboration Due to the principle of optics, the microscope field of view is small, deep tissue behind the side of the field of vision dead zone, will lead to lesion omission, inaccurate judgment, and thus the effect is not ideal. For example, aneurysm clamping leaves the neck of the aneurysm, incomplete clamping, microvascular decompression omits the responsible vessel. In addition, neuroendoscopy can be more minimally invasive in the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage, a common condition, with less trauma and better results. Neuroendoscopy can provide better near illumination and clearer images, and is more able to show a larger viewing angle, and different angles of the endoscope can also observe the lateral and posterior, which can somewhat replace or collaborate with microscopic surgery to provide better surgical results for patients.