1.Cranial bones In addition to head circumference, the growth of the skull can be measured according to the closure of the sutures and the closing time of the anterior and posterior fontanelles. The sutures of the skull are slightly separated at birth and close at about 3 to 4 months of age. The posterior fontanelle is small or closed at birth, and closes at the latest at about 6 to 8 weeks of age. The fontanelle is about 1~2cm in diameter at birth, and later increases with the growth of the skull, gradually ossifying and becoming smaller around 6 months of age, and closing at about 1~1.5 years of age. The examination of fontanelle is very important in pediatric clinic, such as small head circumference and small fontanelle or early closure when brain dysplasia; delayed closure of fontanelle when hypothyroidism and hydrocephalus; full fontanelle when intracranial pressure is increased; sunken fontanelle when dehydration. The skull grows with brain development, and grows before the facial bones (including the nasal bone and mandible). 1~2 years old, with the eruption of teeth and frequent chewing action, the facial bones begin to accelerate growth, the nose and facial bones become longer, the mandible protrudes forward, the angle of the jaw decreases, the frontal ratio changes, and the craniofacial bones change from the round and fat face shape of infancy to the face shape of childhood. 2.Spine The growth of the spine reflects the growth of the vertebrae. In the first year after birth, the spine grows faster than the limbs, and later the limbs grow faster than the spine. At birth, the spine is not curved and is only slightly lumbar; at about 3 months of age, the cervical spine becomes convex; at 6 months of age, the thoracic spine becomes convex; at about 1 year of age, the lumbar spine becomes convex. This natural curvature of the spine is not fixed by ligaments until 6 to 7 years of age. The formation of the physiological curvature is related to the upright posture, which is a human characteristic and has the effect of strengthening the elasticity of the spine. The continued formation of intervertebral discs is the main reason for the continued growth of the trunk in late adolescence. Pay attention to children sitting, standing, walking posture, choose the appropriate table and chairs, to ensure that the normal shape of the spine of children is important. 3, long bones is gradually completed from fetal to adult life. The growth of the long bones is mainly caused by the ossification of the cartilage at the epiphysis of the long bones and the subperiosteal bone formation, which makes the long bones grow and thicken. With the increase of age, the secondary ossification centers of cartilage at the epiphysis of long bones appear regularly in a certain order and at the anatomical site of bone, and the appearance of ossification centers can reflect the maturity of the growth of long bones.