I. What is osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a systemic disease, which is mainly characterized by low bone mineral content, destruction of bone structure, reduced bone strength, and susceptibility to fracture. Pain, hunchback, reduced height and fractures are characteristic signs of osteoporosis. However, there are many patients with osteoporosis who often do not experience any significant sensation in the early stages of the disease. Osteoporotic fractures are fragility fractures that usually occur after daily weight bearing, activity, bending and falls. Fractures are a direct consequence of osteoporosis, affecting body function in mild cases and causing disability or even death in severe cases. The common fracture sites are the low back, hip and arm. Second, people at risk of osteoporosis Old age; female menopause; maternal family history (especially family history of hip fracture); low weight; low sex hormones; smoking; excessive alcohol or coffee consumption; low physical activity; calcium and/or vitamin D deficiency in the diet (low light or low intake); diseases affecting bone metabolism; application of drugs that affect bone metabolism. Third, prevention of osteoporosis Active improvement of diet and lifestyle and adherence to calcium and vitamin D supplementation can prevent or reduce osteoporosis. Balanced diet: increase the intake of calcium and moderate amount of protein in the diet and low salt diet. Calcium intake has an irreplaceable role in the prevention of osteoporosis. Moderate exercise: the muscle activity of people in exercise will keep stimulating the bone tissue and make the bones stronger. Increased sunlight exposure: Regular exposure to sunlight plays a key role in vitamin D production and calcium absorption. The average normal person receives at least 20 minutes of sunlight per day. Tip: Sunscreen and umbrellas also increase the chances of osteoporosis in women. Early diagnosis and standardized treatment reduce the harm. Fourth, the common serious complications of osteoporosis in the elderly and treatment Spine and hip fractures. Hazards: long-term bed rest and vicious cycle; bedsores; Alzheimer’s disease; lung infection; heavy family burden; high mortality rate of conservative treatment (>30~60％). Acute compression fracture of vertebral body: Our hospital adopts the latest minimally invasive surgery (percutaneous balloon-expandable vertebral body retrobulbar plasty) for treatment, which is characterized by small surgical trauma, incision of about 0.3 cm and immediate and obvious relief of symptoms after surgery, and is the most effective and ideal surgical way to solve vertebral fractures caused by primary osteoporosis. Hip fracture: individualized surgical plan is designed for patients with different conditions so that patients can leave bed and move around within a short period of time after surgery, and functional exercise is performed in combination with the special rehabilitation training of our department, which significantly reduces complications and improves the quality of life.