If you detect that you have osteoporosis or low bone mass, active intervention measures should be carried out. Because once an osteoporotic fracture occurs, the quality of survival decreases and various complications arise that can be disabling or fatal, prevention of osteoporosis is more realistic and important than treatment, and moreover, osteoporosis can be prevented. Primary prevention of osteoporosis is aimed at those who have not had fractures but have risk factors for osteoporosis, or have reduced bone mass. Basic preventive measures 1. Lifestyle modification (1) A balanced diet rich in calcium, low in salt and moderate in protein. (2) Pay attention to appropriate outdoor activities, physical exercise and rehabilitation therapy that contribute to bone health. (3) Avoid smoking, alcohol abuse and the use of drugs that affect bone metabolism, etc. (4) Take various measures to prevent falls: for example, pay attention to the presence of diseases and drugs that increase the risk of falls, and strengthen protective measures for yourself and the environment (including various joint protectors), etc. 2, bone health basic supplements (1) calcium: China’s Nutrition Association formulated the recommended daily intake of calcium for adults 800 mg (elemental calcium) is the appropriate dose to obtain the ideal peak bone and maintain bone health, if the supply of calcium in the diet is not enough to choose calcium supplements, postmenopausal women and the elderly daily calcium intake recommended amount of 1,000 mg. The average daily calcium intake is 500 to 600 mg. Calcium intake can slow down the loss of bone and improve bone mineralization. When used for the treatment of osteoporosis, it should be used in combination with other drugs. There is insufficient evidence to suggest that calcium supplementation alone can replace other anti-osteoporosis drug therapy. Calcium selection should take into account its safety and efficacy. (2) Vitamin D: facilitates the absorption of calcium in the gastrointestinal tract. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism, which increases bone resorption, thus causing or aggravating osteoporosis. The recommended dose for adults is 200 U/d, while older adults often have vitamin D deficiency due to lack of sunlight and impaired uptake and absorption, so the recommended dose is 400-800 U/d. Some studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation increases muscle strength and balance in older adults, thus reducing the risk of falls and thus the risk of fractures. Vitamin D should be used in combination with other drugs when used for the treatment of osteoporosis. Clinical application should pay attention to individual differences and safety, regular monitoring of blood and urine calcium, and dose adjustment as appropriate. In addition to the preventive basic measures described above, some people will require aggressive treatment, as described earlier. Osteoporosis is a disease that can be effectively prevented and treated, but most people at high risk for fracture do not receive adequate clinical evaluation or effective treatment, and many patients are diagnosed with osteoporosis only after a fragility fracture has occurred. Strengthening health education for patients and raising awareness among medical staff about early and proper prevention and treatment of osteoporosis are necessary to reduce fracture risk, improve patients’ quality of life, and save medical resources.