Recently, some kidney patients are very distressed because of the cysts found in their kidneys and ask me whether they need surgery. There are also several patients with renal cysts who are very distressed by the recurrence after surgery or cyst puncture and drainage. Today, I would like to talk to you about some things about kidney cysts. Kidney cysts are the most common structural abnormality of the adult kidney, which can be unilateral or bilateral, one or more, generally about 2cm in diameter, but there are also cysts up to 10cm in diameter, mostly in men. The incidence is increasing with age. Simple renal cysts are generally asymptomatic, and only when cyst compression causes vascular occlusion or urinary tract obstruction can the corresponding manifestations occur, which may have an impact on kidney function. Simple renal cysts and hereditary renal cysts are two things of completely different nature. Simple renal cysts are not congenital or hereditary kidney diseases, but are formed later in life. Its renal cysts originate from the formation of diverticula due to overdistension of renal tubules, so the cysts themselves have the function of secreting fluid. Simple renal cysts usually occur above 20 years old, and the older the age, the higher the incidence. According to statistics, the incidence of simple renal cysts is about 10% between 30 and 40 years old, and the incidence of cysts is up to 50% or more at the age of 80. Cosmetically, simple renal cysts are round or oval in shape, with regular outline and clear boundaries; the cysts are homogeneous without separation or calcification. In contrast, congenital dysplasia or hereditary renal cysts are often multiple, and the number and size of cysts gradually increase and enlarge with age, and in most cases, symptoms appear only when the kidney volume grows to a considerable extent at the age of 40-50. The main manifestations are enlargement of both kidneys, pain in kidney area, hematuria and hypertension, etc. A considerable part of them can have renal function damage. Hereditary renal cystic disease is more common in adults with polycystic kidney, which is an autosomal dominant disorder and is almost always bilateral. Adult polycystic kidney is usually asymptomatic until the age of 40, and 50% of patients over the age of 60 enter end-stage renal failure. In addition to kidney involvement, it can also cause cysts in the liver, spleen, pancreas, ovaries and other organs, as well as heart valve disease and brain aneurysms. Up to half or more of the family members have similar lesions. In patients with single-following renal cysts, if the cysts do not produce symptoms of compression, puncture or surgery is not recommended to be taken easily. Because the cyst itself has a secretory function, simple treatment is difficult to eradicate completely and can lead to more serious consequences if the puncture causes infection in the capsule. It is recommended that patients with simple renal cysts should be reviewed regularly every year, and conservative treatment should be the main treatment if there is no sudden increase of cysts or serious pressure symptoms. Congenital hereditary polycystic kidney is another type of disease that requires regular check-ups with a specialist, strict control of diet and prevention of hypertension and other complications.