Ten years ago, 4.5 out of every 100,000 people in Guangzhou city suffered from thyroid cancer, but in 2011, the incidence rate increased by 134%, and the incidence rate of this malignant tumor is still growing at a rate of 14.4% per year; at the same time, many people also found that the prevalence of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and thyroiditis increased significantly during medical checkups… …Experts say that the rapid rise in the incidence of thyroid disease is related to the improvement of medical examination techniques and people’s increased health awareness, while the increase in the amount of iodine in daily salt consumption is also one of the main reasons for the rise in incidence. Why has the incidence of thyroid disease increased so much in recent years? The rapid increase in the incidence of thyroid diseases in recent years, especially thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer, is due to the improvement of detection technology and people’s health awareness, as well as environmental and lifestyle changes. In terms of examination technology, ultrasound used to not be able to form a clear picture, while today’s technology level of high-frequency probes can detect nodules below 0 .5 mm, coupled with the fact that people are paying more and more attention to their health and routinely do this examination, thus more cases are detected. In addition, our living environment and lifestyle have an important impact on the incidence. Environmental pollution and excessive iodine content in salt are all factors that predispose us to thyroid disorders. Thyroid disorders are divided into three main categories: one is functional changes, including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, the second is thyroid inflammation, including subacute thyroiditis and chronic thyroiditis, and the third is thyroid tumors, including nodules, thyroid tumors and adenocarcinoma. A small nodule was found in the neck during physical examination, is it a possibility of cancer? If the nodule is benign and less than 1CM, it can be checked by ultrasound in three months under the guidance of a specialist, and most people do not need surgery. Ultrasound is the most sensitive, economically reproducible, and dynamically observed detection method, and the following parameters can be used to determine the benignity and malignancy of nodules: First, the presence of a halo around the nodule indicates that the nodule may be benign; second, whether the nodule is calcified or not. The more fine gravel-like the nodule is, the more malignant it may be; third, the internal and peripheral blood flow; fourth, whether there is ipsilateral lymph node enlargement; fifth, the rapid growth of the nodule should be watched. Patients are advised to consult an experienced doctor who specializes in endocrinology. Generally, the decision to operate is based on one of three conditions: there is function; there are symptoms of pressure; and it cannot be excluded as malignant. What are the early symptoms of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism and how about treatment? Excess thyroid hormones in hyperthyroid patients can cause a series of clinical manifestations of hypermetabolism. Typically, there can be fear of heat, excessive sweating, hyperphagia, easy hunger, excessive food and stool, lethargy, fatigue, panic, irritability, poor sleep, and some patients have symptoms of protruding eyes and swelling of the neck. In contrast, hypothyroidism (short for hypothyroidism) is characterized by “yellow”, “swollen” and “dull” face, i.e., dull yellow face, fear of cold; dull expression, memory loss; generalized swelling and Weight gain. A significant proportion of people with hypothyroidism may change to hypothyroidism after isotope radiation therapy, and treatment for hypothyroidism requires lifelong replacement. What should I do if I have proptosis, photophobia and tearing? Proptosis is a common symptom associated with thyroid disease. It is the most common of the orbital diseases and is currently very difficult to treat worldwide. It is important to detect and select effective treatment in time. When symptoms worsen with headache and rapid vision loss, it is important to go to a higher endocrine specialist for treatment in time to avoid delaying the disease. Our endocrinology department has explored the treatment of proptosis for many years, and has developed a set of experience in judging the activity and severity of the disease and the choice of treatment modality, with outstanding results. It has influence in China. Will the swelling of the neck, which is common in hyperthyroidism patients, disappear after treatment? First of all, the condition of hyperthyroidism and goiter are not parallel, that is, the condition is not determined by the size of the thyroid gland. Some patients with fully treated hyperthyroidism may still have significant goiter, while some others with severe hyperthyroidism may not have significant goiter. These questions are often asked by female patients who love beauty and want to be treated correctly. Is thyroid cancer curable? How malignant is it? Thyroid cancer can only be treated by surgical resection, except for undifferentiated carcinoma which is highly malignant. Seventy-five percent of thyroid cancers are papillary cancers and 25% of them are papillary cancers which are the least malignant and have good prognosis. The removal of papillary carcinoma can be considered as total thyroidectomy, combined with isotope “ablation” if necessary. If the cancer has metastasized, internal irradiation can be considered. Follicular adenocarcinoma and medullary carcinoma are relatively malignant, while undifferentiated carcinoma is very malignant and rapidly invasive, and the cancer cells are easily metastasized and lesioned, so treatment is very limited, but the incidence is very low. Is it true that food therapy is said to cure thyroid disease? What can family members do to relieve hyperthyroidism? First of all, it must be clear that dietary therapy is only basic and should not be used as the main treatment for thyroid disease. A diet low in iodine is required for hyperthyroidism, while other thyroid disorders do not require abstinence from food. Hyperthyroid patients should be careful not to eat foods containing iodine in their diet, such as nori and kelp, a small amount of seafood, and use non-iodized salt. If you cannot buy non-iodized salt, you can put iodized salt into a pot and fry it. Do I need surgery if I have hyperthyroidism? Treatment for hyperthyroidism includes surgery, radioisotope therapy and medication. Surgery is generally not recommended for hyperthyroidism, and medication is the preferred treatment. However, patients may choose surgery if they have a significantly enlarged thyroid gland, if medication is not effective or not tolerated, or if they have an ectopic thyroid gland. Surgical treatment has a high cure rate, but carries certain risks. Do gynecological diseases such as mastocytosis and breast cancer affect thyroid hormone secretion? There is still a relationship between thyrotropin and the development of breast cancer. It may be due to an increase in thyrotropin-releasing hormone, which in turn promotes the secretion of prolactin. Most patients with breast cancer, especially those in the middle and late stages, have concomitant hepatocellular damage, which reduces the synthesis of 5’deiodinase, thyroid binding protein and other thyroid carrier proteins, resulting in blocked conversion of T 4 to T 3 and increased excretion of T 4 and T 3 from the kidneys, thus lowering serum T 3. There are not many studies in this area.