In recent years, people often tell me during consultation that there are more and more cases of thyroid nodules or tumors found by people around me due to physical examinations compared to a decade or so ago. Among my patients, the proportion of patients who need surgical treatment for thyroid nodules or tumors found incidentally as a result of unit or individual physical examinations is increasing year by year, which is closely related to the widespread use of ultrasound examination during physical examinations. Ultrasound is able to detect thyroid nodules in millimeters, which can help to observe the morphology, size and density of the thyroid gland, and to describe the border, envelope, growth polarity, presence of calcification and nature of calcification of the thyroid nodules, as well as to better reflect the size and shape of the lymph nodes in the neck. The size and morphology of the lymph nodes. The main concerns of patients with thyroid nodules are: (1) whether surgery is needed; (2) whether the nodule is benign or malignant; and (3) whether long-term medication is required after surgery. For patients with thyroid nodules or tumors found on physical examination, there is no need to “obsess” too much, as most thyroid tumors can be treated with reasonable and effective options. Usually, experienced surgeons will carefully analyze the description of the tumor in the ultrasound report, and it is sometimes misleading to judge whether surgery is indicated simply from the report results. For patients with ultrasound suggestive of thyroid tumors, I recommend that thyroid function be checked as well, as different changes in thyroid function can provide a basis for the surgeon’s differential diagnosis, and that patients with solitary thyroid nodules detected by ultrasound, especially those with hard nodules on palpation or with enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, be taken seriously to rule out the possibility of thyroid malignancy. In contrast, most patients with multiple thyroid nodules are generally benign lesions, and most doctors will recommend follow-up if the nodules are not large and do not have abnormal thyroid function. However, if the enlargement of the thyroid gland has affected the working life, or if the nodule compresses the trachea or esophagus, causing difficulty in breathing or swallowing or hoarseness, it should be treated promptly. Surgical intervention is usually required for benign nodules over 2 cm in diameter, or for patients who have recently experienced significant enlargement of the mass and with or without neck pain. In addition, it is worth noting that thyroid nodules with calcification and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck require aggressive medical consultation. The description of punctate calcifications and fine sand-like calcifications in the ultrasound report are often signs that indicate the possibility of thyroid cancer. （The enlarged lymph nodes in the neck should be taken seriously because thyroid cancer can often lead to metastases in the lymph nodes in the neck, resulting in changes in the size and shape of the affected lymph nodes. Postoperative I131 isotope therapy is also required. In patients with suspected thyroid malignancy, ultrasound localization of the puncture can provide a more accurate case report. However, if the puncture is negative, the same follow-up is required to avoid false negatives. However, in patients with diffuse thyroid lesions with nodules, there is a risk of thyroid cancer, and if detected, early radical surgery is required. In general, for benign thyroid tumor surgery, healthy thyroid tissue should be preserved as much as possible to maintain thyroid function. For surgery of malignant thyroid tumors, oral thyroxine tablets are routinely taken after surgery to suppress TSH levels and reduce the possibility of recurrence.