The incidence of thyroid nodules is currently increasing year by year. Especially with the popularity of medical checkups, many people are found to have thyroid nodules during medical checkups. There are always a large number of patients coming to the clinic with their medical reports. What should patients with thyroid nodules do? First, please be assured that most patients have benign nodules that do not require treatment. If the nodule has the following conditions, thyroidectomy should be considered: (1) clinical symptoms due to compression of the trachea, esophagus or laryngeal nerve; (2) retrosternal goiter; (3) large goiter affecting life and work (especially if the tumor is larger than 5 cm); (4) nodular thyroid secondary to hyperfunction; (5) hyperactive thyroid; (6) nodular goiter. (4) hyperthyroidism secondary to nodular thyroid; (5) suspected malignancy of thyroid nodules (see later). Second, we should not neglect patients with malignant thyroid nodules. When ultrasound suggests more than 3 of the following manifestations, malignancy is highly suspected and fine needle aspiration and pathological examination are recommended. (1) the nodule is a substantial mass; (2) punctate calcification; (3) unclear borders; (4) irregular morphology; (5) abundant blood flow within it; (6) infiltration of surrounding tissues; (7) aspect ratio greater than 1; (8) accompanied by lymph node metastasis. If malignancy is suspected by pathology, surgical excision is recommended. Although there are reports of long-term follow-up of small samples of microscopic thyroid cancer in Japan and the United States, there is still no definite conclusion as to what kind of patients are suitable for observation. At present, the mainstream view in China and abroad is that thyroid cancer is still best treated by surgery. After all, there is still a risk of local invasion and metastasis of the tumor. Treating the disease at the beginning of the disease, not at the end, it will be too late to treat it when invasion of trachea, esophagus or metastasis occurs. Finally, patients with thyroid nodules who do not need surgery need to be regularly observed and have an ultrasound review every 3-6 months to understand the changes of the nodules, except for cancer.