In recent years, the incidence of cervical cancer has been increasing year by year, and there are about 135,000 new cases of cervical cancer in China every year, accounting for 1/3 of the global incidence, and the incidence has a tendency to be younger. This is related to factors such as early marriage, early childbearing and disordered sexual life. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the cervical epithelium is also closely related to the occurrence of cervical cancer, and persistent HPV infection is a risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer may not cause any discomfort in the early stage and is often detected during physical examination and screening. Patients often have symptoms such as contact bleeding (occurring during sex, gynecological examination and bleeding after stool) and vaginal discharge (white or bloody, thin like water or rice soup, with fishy odor). It is especially important to mention that for postmenopausal women, the discovery of vaginal bleeding should be taken seriously enough. Since cervical cancer can have a cure rate of more than 90% with first-stage surgery, early detection and early diagnosis are especially important. At present, there are many methods commonly used for early diagnosis of cervical cancer, and going to professional hospitals for formal examination can improve the early diagnosis rate. HPV (human papillomavirus) test, cervical smear, colposcopic cervical biopsy and pathological tissue biopsy are the common methods to screen and diagnose cervical cancer, among which cervical smear is the main test to screen early cervical cancer. The purpose of doing good screening is to detect early cervical cancer, and cervical lesions can be treated at the early stage to stop the occurrence of cervical cancer. With treatment, the five-year survival rate of early cervical cancer can reach 70%-80%, while in situ cancer can reach 99%, which is almost curable. Therefore, early diagnosis is very important for patients. HPV is widely present in the human body, such as vulva and foreskin, and sexual intercourse can easily carry the virus to the cervix, resulting in viral infection. However, even if the HPV (human papillomavirus) test is positive, it does not indicate the development of cervical cancer. According to statistics, about 20% of women who have had sex are infected with HPV, but the majority of women can turn negative on their own within six months after HPV infection, and only a very small number develop cervical lesions. For the diagnosis of cervical cancer, biopsy is an essential tool. However, for diagnosing early cervical cancer, cervical conization should not be neglected. Because biopsy is only taken at one point, even if multiple points are biopsied under colposcopic guidance, the lesion will inevitably be missed. The diagnosis of carcinoma in situ cannot rely solely on pathological biopsy, and cervical conization should be done to further confirm the diagnosis.