In our early years, cervical scrapers were used to scrape cervical exfoliated cells, apply them on slides and then send them for examination, which is often referred to as traditional Pap smear (Papanicolaou’s smear), referring to cervical exfoliated cell smear, which refers to taking a small sample of cells from the cervix, placing it on a glass slide, and then studying it under a microscope for abnormalities. With the widespread use of Pap smear in clinical practice, the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer in our country has dropped dramatically. With a simple Pap smear, tiny, very early changes in cervical cells can be detected, so medical experts believe that cervical cancer is a completely preventable disease. It is a commonly used cervical cancer screening test around the world. Since its introduction more than 60 years ago, Pap smears have reduced the incidence of cervical cancer by 70 to 90 percent worldwide. The Pap smear is actually very simple, and the entire procedure takes only 3 to 6 minutes. The doctor first dilates the lining of the vagina with a vaginal speculum, followed by collecting the shed cells from the cervical opening with a cotton swab, wooden spatula or cervical brush. These cells are then smeared on a glass slide for staining and/or preserved directly in a specially prepared chemical solution. The advantage of Pap smear is that it is inexpensive and easy to census, but it has certain drawbacks due to the method of smear collection, smear preparation, staining technique, and reading level, it has a high rate of false negatives and misdiagnosis in clinical application, and it is not predictive of the risk of disease.