Colposcopy is an examination of the epithelium of the cervix, lower genital tract and anogenital area using magnified illumination to detect tumors or confirm normalcy by applying special methods to biopsy the most likely abnormal areas. Indications for the use of colposcopy: Colposcopy is often applied when smears report abnormalities. Ancillary screening tests such as an abnormal HPV test may also be indicated for colposcopy. Colposcopy may also be performed if there are clinical or visual abnormalities of the cervix. Abnormal or unexplained non-menstrual bleeding, post-coital bleeding, and vaginal drainage can be investigated to rule out a neoplastic cause. Other indications for use include previous use of vinyl estradiol, vulvar or vaginal tumors, acromegaly, or a sexual partner who may have genital tract tumors or acromegaly. There are no absolute contraindications to colposcopy. Women who are menstruating may delay the examination until the end of their menstrual period. Acute cervicitis or vulvovaginitis should be treated prior to this examination. Colposcopy in pregnant women should be performed with minimal biopsy and avoid cervical canal scraping in the absence of suspected high-grade lesions or cancer. Postmenopausal women who are not on hormone replacement may be better off taking topical or oral estrogen for 3 weeks prior to colposcopy. Avoid vaginal medication for 24 hours prior to the examination.