Hemangioma is a congenital benign tumor composed of vascular tissue and is a common disease with abnormal development. They can occur anywhere in the body, with skin and oral mucosa being the most common, and the face, neck and extremities being the most common sites, in addition to muscles, bones and internal organs. Older classification methods: 1.Capillary hemangioma. 2.Cavernous hemangioma. 3.Mixed hemangioma. 4. Trapezius hemangioma. Biological classification: In 1982, Mulliken and Glowacki classified vascular lesions into hemangiomas and vascular malformations based on cellular dynamics, combined with physical examination and clinical course. Angiomas are characterized by endothelial cell proliferation. Vascular malformations are vascular malformations with normal endothelial cells. They can occur in capillaries, veins, lymphatics, arteries and a variety of lumens. 1993 Jackson further classified them into high-flow vascular malformations and low-flow vascular malformations. 1999 was designated as the official classification by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Diseases. Hemangioma characteristics and treatment Incidence: 1%-2% in newborns, 12% at 1 year of age. 80% are solitary, 20% multiple. They are commonly found on the head and neck, followed by the trunk and extremities. Female: male 3:1 History: 1. Proliferative period: 1-12 months after birth, rapid growth, tumor growth faster than the fetal growth rate 2. The skin and subcutaneous tissues may be degenerative after the completion of fading. Palpation: rubber-like texture, softening of the hemangioma with negative compression and posture tests Treatment principles: follow-up observation However, active treatment is indicated in these cases: involvement of vital tissues such as mouth, eyes, pharynx, neck, genitalia, or life-threatening; hemangioma with thrombocytopenia syndrome; extensive hemangioma or visceral hemangioma with heart failure; active bleeding; no sign of regression at 5-year follow-up Treatment methods. 1, steroid therapy. 2.Interferon: Large visceral hemangiomas or extensive subcutaneous hemangiomas often cause thrombocytopenia, i.e., sabach-Merritt syndrome, or produce congestive heart failure. 3.Pinyanomycin local injection. 4.Sclerotherapy injection: sodium cod liver oil acid, hypertonic saline, ethanol. 5.Surgical treatment. 6.Laser. 7.Radiotherapy. Capillary malformation is more obvious at birth, lymphatic malformation is more obvious at the age of 1 year, and arteriovenous malformation is not obvious in infancy, but often shows up after hormone level change, trauma and infection surgery. 1, capillary malformation capillary malformation of the true dermis, in the shape of spots, pink in infancy, thickened with age to nodular. Note that it should be distinguished from neonatal spots. 2.Lymphatic duct malformation manifests as limited or diffuse abnormal lymphatic duct lumen or cyst. Lymphatic duct malformations of giant cystic type are soft in texture, appear smooth, translucent, with normal or light blue surface skin. Lymphatic duct malformations of skin and mucosa appear as small skin or mucosal follicles, often accompanied by soft tissue hyperplasia and skeletal overgrowth. 3.Venous malformation Blue mass under the skin or mucosa, easily compressed, changes with position, soft texture, often palpable venous stone. 4.Arteriovenous malformation Arteriovenous malformation has normal surface skin in early stage, but later it becomes reddish, warm to touch, tremor, murmur on auscultation; sometimes ischemic necrosis, ulceration, pain and increased cardiac output occur in the affected skin.