Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease that results in a decrease in bone density and bone quality and destruction of bone microarchitecture due to a variety of causes, resulting in increased bone fragility and thus susceptibility to fracture. Osteoporosis is divided into two major categories: primary and secondary. Primary osteoporosis is divided into postmenopausal osteoporosis (type I), senile osteoporosis (type II) and idiopathic osteoporosis (including adolescent type). Postmenopausal osteoporosis generally occurs within 5-10 years after menopause in women; senile osteoporosis generally refers to osteoporosis occurring in the elderly after the age of 70; and idiopathic osteoporosis mainly occurs in adolescents, the cause of which is still unknown. How to prevent and treat osteoporosis? 1. Lifestyle adjustment (1) A balanced diet rich in vitamin D, calcium, low salt and moderate protein. (2) Appropriate outdoor activities, physical exercise and rehabilitation that contribute to bone health. (3) Avoid smoking, alcohol abuse and cautious use of drugs that affect bone metabolism. (4) Take various measures to prevent falls. 2, basic bone nutritional supplements (1) calcium: calcium intake can slow down the loss of bone and improve bone mineralization. When used for the treatment of osteoporosis, it should be used in combination with other drugs. Calcium absorption is mainly in the intestinal tract, so calcium supplements are best taken orally. Calcium supplementation in moderation, with a daily calcium requirement of 800-1200mg, is best taken in divided doses. Calcium supplements should be selected with regard to their safety and effectiveness to avoid excessive intake, which may lead to kidney stones or cardiovascular disease. (2) Vitamin D: Vitamin D deficiency can lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone resorption, which can cause or aggravate osteoporosis. The intake of appropriate amounts of vitamin D is beneficial to the absorption of calcium in the gastrointestinal tract, promote bone formation, and enhance muscle strength and balance. The recommended dose is 200 IU (5 μg)/d for adults and 400-800 IU (10-20 μg)/d for the elderly due to lack of sunlight and varying degrees of impaired intake and absorption. clinical application should pay attention to individual differences and safety, and regular monitoring of blood calcium, urine calcium or serum 25(OH)D levels. In the treatment of osteoporotic fractures, moderate amounts of active vitamin D3 supplementation are recommended.