Pathological changes such as cortical gliosis, infarction and calcification, subcortical vacuolization, and abnormal enlargement of large cerebral veins and connection with many fine arteries. Brain injury occurs mainly by mechanisms such as arterial blood theft, cerebral ischemia secondary to heart failure, hemorrhagic infarction, lesion compression and surgical trauma. The diagnosis of cortical gliosis depends mainly on the age of onset and clinical manifestations, but radiological examination is required to confirm the diagnosis. What are the diagnostic tests for cortical gliosis? 1, cranial X-ray plain film: infants group occasionally see lesions vascular calcification, children and adults group in addition to showing intracranial pressure increase signs, common intracranial calcification spots. It shows complete or incomplete annular calcification in the pineal region with a diameter of 2.5 cm or more. 2.Cerebral angiography: It is the main means to confirm the diagnosis of large cerebral venous tumor. At least three selective cerebral angiograms should be done, including bilateral internal carotid artery and one vertebral artery angiogram; it is better to perform digital subtraction whole brain selective angiogram, so that the large cerebral venous tumor can be shown more clearly, and the “blood-stealing” arteries and returning veins can be more clearly. The cerebral angiogram shows an oval-shaped dilatation of the large cerebral veins, usually 4-5 cm in diameter, and a significant dilatation of the straight sinus. The arteries supplying the large cerebral veins differed among the three groups of patients. In the neonatal group, the supplying artery may be directly over the anterior aspect of the vein aneurysm and may be from the bilateral anterior cerebral artery, the doulourethral artery, the thalamic penetrating artery, the anterior and posterior choroidal arteries, and sometimes the superior cerebellar artery. Venous aneurysms are usually of medium size and return blood to the straight sinus and other venous sinuses. In the infant group, the supply artery is often located on the inferior lateral aspect of the aneurysm and is supplied by the posterior choroidal artery; in the pediatric group, the supply artery is often located anterior or superior to the aneurysm and is supplied by one or both posterior choroidal arteries or the anterior cerebral artery; in the adult group, there is often a small cerebrovascular malformation anterior to the aneurysm and the supply artery may be from the posterior choroidal artery and the penetrating thalamic artery, with blood draining into the large cerebral venous system. It is important to understand the draining veins to judge the prognosis. 3.CT scan: It shows a neatly edged ovoid high-density image in the pineal region, often accompanied by symmetric ventricular enlargement above the third ventricle; secondary cases may have irregularly shaped high and low density shadow in front of it. Intensive scan can be seen with round high-density phase, continuous up to the skull enhancement shadow, suggesting straight sinus expansion. 4.MRI: MRI of large cerebral venous tumor is very typical, it is a round signal-free area, which is caused by the effect of blood flow and space, and its boundary is clear, especially in sagittal position, not only the tumor capsule but also the draining straight sinus and falciform sinus can be seen. 5.Other: Angiography and Doppler ultrasonography are effective auxiliary means for the diagnosis of large venous tumors in the brain. Especially for children with unclosed fontanelles, Doppler ultrasound can determine intracranial hemodynamic changes and blood flow patterns within the lesion, providing a noninvasive means of screening for lesions. Arterial blood gas analysis, chest X-ray, electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, renal function, and blood electrolyte examination can be used for the evaluation of concomitant systemic conditions such as cardiopulmonary function and brain function.