Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures of the spine are common in the elderly and can cause severe pain at the fracture site, the formation of kyphosis, loss of vertebral height due to collapse of the vertebral body, and in most patients, instability of the spine, resulting in limited mobility, which seriously affects the ability to care for oneself and significantly reduces the quality of life. The basic treatment for such fractures is absolute bed rest for about 2-3 months, but elderly patients are prone to complications such as crushing pneumonia, pulmonary atelectasis, urinary tract infections, deep vein thrombosis and decubitus ulcers when bed-ridden for long periods of time, and the occurrence of any of these complications can be serious or even fatal. Vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive spinal surgical procedure done under local anesthesia, in which bone cement is injected into the diseased vertebral body through a puncture needle, which can play a role in rapidly reducing low back pain, increasing vertebral strength and spinal stability, avoiding or reducing complications caused by vertebral fractures, and improving the quality of patient survival. In recent years, vertebroplasty has been widely used to avoid the high risk of major spinal surgery, to provide immediate postoperative pain relief for elderly patients with multiple medical conditions, to facilitate rehabilitation training and to reduce various complications associated with long-term bed rest.