It is well known that China is a high incidence of hepatitis B and primary liver cancer, and more than 50% of the world’s liver cancers occur in China. The prevention and treatment of hepatitis B and liver cancer has become urgent. At present, the national prevention of liver cancer is mainly a three-level prevention system. The prevention of liver cancer should focus on primary prevention and secondary prevention, i.e. etiological prevention and “three early” prevention (early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment). The seven-word policy of “changing water, preventing mold and hepatitis”, which was proposed in 1970s, has not only been effective but also become the characteristic of primary prevention of liver cancer in China, which is still very practical today. In the past one or two decades, the incidence rate and mortality rate of liver cancer have dropped significantly in some areas with high incidence of liver cancer by taking primary prevention measures. The main preventive measures are: 1. To prevent hepatitis. Hepatitis B is the main cause of hepatitis B in China, and the proportion of hepatitis C is relatively small. At present, hepatitis B can be prevented by hepatitis B vaccine, while no vaccine has been developed for hepatitis C so far. The use of hepatitis B vaccine to prevent hepatitis and thus liver cancer has become one of the most promising ways to prevent liver cancer. Not only should children be born with the hepatitis B vaccine, but adults who have not been vaccinated against hepatitis B and have not had hepatitis can also be vaccinated against hepatitis B. In addition to hepatitis B vaccination, both hepatitis B and hepatitis C are diseases transmitted by body fluids, so attention should also be paid to the control of other ways, such as diet, surgery, blood transfusion, injection, acupuncture, haircut and sexual life. 2, to prevent the consumption of moldy food. Can not eat moldy, mushy food, this kind of food contains aflatoxin. Corn, peanuts, peanut oil, peanut butter, etc. are easy to moldy food, these foods should be kept. 3, to pay attention to drinking water hygiene. To prevent drinking water contamination. 4.Avoid nitrosamine intake. Should try to avoid eating pickled food, because it contains a lot of nitrosamines, which can lead to various tumors, including liver cancer. 5.Appropriate supplementation of vitamins and selenium. Vitamin C and vitamin E have the function of antioxidant and scavenging free radicals in human body, which can reduce oxidative stress damage in human cells and reduce genetic mutation. And selenium in human body has anti-cancer effect. 6. Quit smoking and alcohol. Smoking and alcohol are harmful to the human body. The gastric mucosa in the stomach has a protective effect on the body, alcohol can digest the gastric mucosa, the gastric mucosa is damaged, the toxic substances in food are easily absorbed by the stomach, causing alcoholic hepatitis, reducing the immune function of the liver and the immune function of the whole body, damage the detoxification function of the liver. It can cause alcoholic cirrhosis, and part of the cirrhosis will turn into liver cancer. Secondary prevention: “three early preventions”. The main purpose of secondary prevention is to find small liver cancers in “healthy people”, focusing on “early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment”. There is a contradiction of “cost and benefit” in screening liver cancer in the natural population, so how to choose the scope and target of screening becomes the key to secondary prevention. Experts have proposed the concept of “high-risk population” for liver cancer and divided it into three categories: men aged 30-59 years old in areas with high incidence of liver cancer are the first category of high-risk population; those who are found to have one of the following five conditions in the first category of population are classified as the second category of high-risk population, which are: (1) HBsAg positive; (2) anti-HBe positive (3) history of hepatitis; (4) cirrhosis; (5) family history of hepatocellular carcinoma; those with positive AFP but no liver occupancy detected by ultrasound, or those with negative AFP but substantial liver occupancy detected by ultrasound and temporarily undiagnosed are classified as the third high-risk group. In addition, postoperative patients with hepatocellular carcinoma should also be classified as the three high-risk groups. As for the time of review, it is better to check the liver once a year for category I, once every six months for category II, and once every 2-3 months for category III to facilitate early detection of liver cancer. Ultrasound, AFP, CT and MRI can be used for screening. Tertiary prevention is mainly to provide “active, comprehensive and specific” treatment for liver cancer. At present, the treatment of liver cancer advocates a combination of surgical, interventional, radiotherapy and other therapeutic means, and individualized treatment of liver cancer. Since different patients have different conditions and tumors, one size does not fit all as in the past, and specific analysis is needed. For example, for patients with severe cirrhosis and small hepatocellular carcinoma with deep tumor location, surgical resection is not the best choice, but local treatment (radiofrequency, anhydrous alcohol injection) can ensure the therapeutic effect and reduce the risk of treatment. Of course, liver transplantation is also a good choice, which eliminates the growth environment of the tumor and achieves the true meaning of both the symptoms and the root cause. In conclusion, primary prevention is fundamental, which reduces the occurrence of liver cancer; secondary prevention is the key to prolong the survival time of patients and improve the treatment effect of liver cancer; tertiary prevention focuses on improving the life quality of liver cancer patients.