With the improvement of living standard, people’s concern about health is increasing, due to the great threat of malignant tumor to human life, we are afraid of talking about cancer. Cervical cancer is a serious and life-threatening disease. It is the second most common malignant tumor affecting women’s health and life after breast cancer in the world, which seriously threatens the lives of fellow women and is a fatal killer of women’s health. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer has always attracted the attention of the public, and it is our common goal to help women stay away from cervical cancer. With the progress of medical research, the pathogenesis of cervical cancer has become more and more clear, and the factors related to the development of cervical cancer are: early marriage, premature birth, multiple births, sexual disorder and viral infection, among which high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the main risk factor of cervical cancer. 70% of cervical cancer patients are infected with high-risk HPV virus, and in clinical work, we usually consider high-risk HPV virus examination as the main risk factor of cervical cancer. HPV screening as part of cervical cancer screening. There are more than 80 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) identified, which are divided into low-risk and high-risk types. The low-risk types mainly cause papillomas and ectopic warts-like lesions in the genital tract, while the high-risk types are mainly associated with malignant tumors, such as cervical cancer, from which the cervical cancer vaccine originates. The cervical cancer vaccine is a recombinant vaccine against the human papilloma virus, which is the main target of the current cervical cancer vaccine. The cervical cancer vaccine was approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June 2006 as the world’s first cancer vaccine, and has been approved for use in more than 100 countries worldwide, with some countries already supporting free vaccination for students and adolescents. The cervical cancer vaccine has not yet been marketed in China. The majority of women look forward to the popularization of the cervical cancer vaccine in China with a sense of expectation and apprehension. On the one hand, they look forward to the emergence of the cervical cancer vaccine that can keep them away from the evil of cervical cancer, and on the other hand, their long-time fear of cancer makes them unable to believe that there will be a cancer vaccine. The cervical cancer vaccine is effective in preventing both high-risk HPV and low-risk HPV. It can prevent some of the following diseases caused by HPV infection: 1) cervical cancer; 2) abnormal cervical, vaginal and vulvar lesions and precancerous lesions; 3) genital warts. The vaccine does not target all HPV viruses that cause cervical cancer, and even after receiving the vaccine, regular review is still required. The vaccine has been shown to be extremely effective in women who have not yet been exposed to the HPV virus in question, and thus, it is recommended that women receive the HPV vaccine before having sexual activity. Because the vaccine is still being studied, booster shots may still be needed even if the vaccine is administered. Since the vaccine does not target all HPV viruses that cause cervical cancer, regular cervical smears are still needed even if the vaccine is administered, so having the cervical cancer vaccine is not an absolute guarantee against cervical cancer and regular follow-ups are still needed. At present, the cervical cancer vaccine is not yet available in China, but its availability and popularity in China are just around the corner. Women need to know the cervical cancer vaccine correctly in order to better prevent cervical cancer and thus stay away from cervical cancer, the number two killer of women’s health.