The prostate is located in front of the rectum, at the root of the penis, at the base of the bladder and wraps around the posterior urethra. Because of this location, it is possible to examine the prostate with a smooth touch through rectal finger examination. The prostate gland is the largest accessory gland in men and plays a big role in the human body. 1, has an exocrine function can secrete prostatic fluid, is an important component of semen, has an important role in the normal function of sperm, very important for fertility. 2, has the endocrine function prostate contains rich 5-reductase, can be converted into testosterone more physiological activity of dihydrotestosterone. When the urge to urinate occurs, along with the contraction of the forceps, the internal sphincter relaxes, allowing urination to proceed smoothly. 4, has a transport function prostate parenchyma is crossed by the urethra and two ejaculatory ducts. When ejaculation occurs, the muscles of the prostate and seminal vesicle glands contract, which can press the contents of the vas deferens and seminal vesicle glands into the posterior urethra through the ejaculatory ducts and then out of the body. The prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that originates from the male prostate gland and occurs in the epithelium of the prostate alveoli. It has a high incidence in Europe and the United States, but a low incidence in China. The peak age of onset of this disease is 70~80 years old, and it rarely occurs under 40 years old. In recent years, due to the westernization of lifestyle, the incidence rate in China is on the rise. Most of the early prostate cancer develops slowly, but in advanced stage patients, the tumor develops faster and bone metastasis easily occurs. Risk factors 1. Sex hormones: sexual activity during adolescence is related to the development of prostate cancer, and excessive sex hormones during adolescence are cancer-assisting factors. It is believed that prostate cancer generally occurs in men with frequent sex life. 2.Environmental pollution: Cadmium, zinc and benzene in the environment have a great impact on human genitourinary system and may be chemical carcinogens of this disease, patients often develop the disease 10-20 years after exposure. 3.Smoking: Some data show that the death rate of regular smokers from prostate cancer is 1.4 times higher than that of non-smokers. 4.Excessive drinking of alcohol and coffee. 5. Dietary factors: eating too much fat is positively correlated with prostate cancer. In Japan, it has been reported that eating more green and yellow vegetables can reduce the incidence of prostate cancer. 6. Prostate infection: The occurrence of prostate cancer is related to chronic inflammatory infection of the prostate gland such as viral infection and venereal disease. Genetic factors: There are obvious racial and geographical high prevalence of prostate cancer. When the tumor enlarges and blocks the urinary tract, the symptoms of bladder neck obstruction may appear similar to those of prostate enlargement. 1. Abnormal urination: 80% of patients have this symptom. Patients may experience waiting and effort to urinate, thin and slow urine flow, shortened projection, interrupted urine flow, urinary urgency, frequency and even incontinence. Most patients have a feeling of incomplete urination. With the development of the disease, urinary tract obstruction becomes more and more serious, causing urinary retention, acute infection of the urinary tract and prostate, etc. 2, hematuria: about 10% of patients can have hematuria, there are two types of hematuria: visual hematuria and microscopic hematuria. 3.Pain: It is one of the main symptoms, accounting for about 30%, and is more common in the late stage. Especially when the pelvis, lumbar spine and lymph nodes around the nerves are invaded, it is more obvious. It is mostly manifested as low back pain. If the pelvic nerves are involved, the pain is persistent and radiates to the perineum, rectum, lumbar region and lower limbs. 4. Impotence and poor penile erection. 5.Late stage weakness, emaciation, anemia, and even uremia. 6.Metastatic symptoms: including stiffness and pain in lower back, buttocks and legs, perianal discomfort or rectal discomfort, lower limb edema, etc. Prevention of prostate cancer 1. Etiological prevention: ① Moderate sex life: avoid long-term congestion of prostate, eliminate unclean sexual intercourse and prevent sexually transmitted diseases. ② Keep emotional stability and optimism, so that the endocrine system can function normally and balance the hormone level in the body. ③ Anyone who is in contact with harmful chemicals and engaged in radiation work should pay attention to strengthen labor protection and regular physical examination. 2. Early detection of prostate cancer is a slow developing malignant tumor, which takes about 10 years to grow from the size of a pea to the size of a bullet. It takes about 10 years to grow from the size of a pea to the size of a bullet. Because prostate cancer mostly occurs in the posterior lobe, there is no symptom in the early stage or the first symptom is metastatic foci, and when the symptoms of prostate cancer appear, it has already reached the Japanese stage. Therefore, for prostate cancer, early detection is the key to treatment. If the following symptoms appear, they should be treated as danger signs: ①Unexplained weakness and weight loss. (2) Unexplained fever, soreness and swelling in the anus and rectum, or vague pain. ③Hesitant urination, incomplete urination, or frequent urination, increased nocturia, etc. ④ Painful ejaculation or bloody semen, etc. ⑤ Patients suffering from prostatitis and prostate hypertrophy should go to the hospital regularly for examination when the condition is prolonged and repeated. 3. Screening examinations for middle-aged and older men over 50 years old, especially those with a family history of prostate cancer, should have an annual physical examination, preferably a PSA and anal finger examination (PRE), for early detection of prostate cancer. In addition, prostate cancer is mostly found in elderly patients who are often embarrassed to talk to their family members or doctors when they have abnormal sexual function or abnormal urination, thus losing the opportunity for early detection. Therefore, we hope that such elderly people must remove the psychological barriers and actively seek medical treatment, and as children, they should also pay attention to the health condition of the elderly. V. Rehabilitation after prostate cancer treatment 1. Maintain emotional stability and optimism, and treat treatment side effects correctly. 2. Diet choice: try to make the diet highly nutritious, tasty and fancy, and make recipes according to the patient’s habits to enhance appetite and resistance to disease. 3, quit smoking, alcohol, do not eat stimulating, difficult to digest, raw and cold unclean diet, etc. 4, pay attention to personal hygiene: seriously ill with low resistance, bathe regularly, change underwear and bedding, maintain oral hygiene, urinary hygiene is particularly important to avoid infectious lesions, especially urinary tract infections. 5.Keep urine flowing smoothly: If you have difficulty in urination and have to insert a catheter, keep the catheter absolutely hygienic and smooth, and change the catheter in the hospital every week to avoid infection; if you do not have a catheter, train to drink water and urinate regularly, so that you can urinate on your own after forming a rule, or you can apply heat to the lower abdomen beforehand. 6, early out of bed activities: encourage patients to moderate outdoor activities to promote the circulation of blood throughout the body. Maintain the function of the body, maintain physical strength and enhance physical fitness, and improve the ability to resist disease. However, the principle is not to cause fatigue. 7.Prevent pressure sores: For patients who cannot get up, prevent the occurrence of pressure sores by putting air cushions in vulnerable areas and turning and massaging frequently. Avoid strenuous activities such as weight-bearing and cycling for 3 months to avoid secondary bleeding. 9.Prostate cancer treatment and recovery period should pay attention to: stop sex life and all sexual acts. 10.Review regularly.