We receive about 400-450 cases of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum patients every year. In our long-term clinical practice, we found that there are such and such cognitive misconceptions both in general patients and even among some respiratory physicians. Myth 1: Recurrent pneumothorax attacks, repeated chest puncture or closed chest drainage, patients are reluctant to undergo surgery, or think that the cost of surgery is high, and repeated medical treatment. Our opinion: In fact, if the pneumothorax has more than two attacks, surgery is needed. Because after two attacks, the attacks will become more and more frequent, which will seriously affect the physical condition and delay the work and study, especially for junior or senior students, who need to rest for about ten days for one attack, sometimes twice in a month, which will seriously delay the progress of classes and revision. The cost of multiple hospitalizations for recurrent attacks may add up to more than the cost of one surgery, a situation we have seen time and again. Furthermore, after repeated episodes of severe thoracic adhesions, the surgery is difficult, bleeding is more, the surgical effect is not difficult to be guaranteed, and the cost of surgery in this case will be significantly higher. Myth 2: Pneumothorax recurrent, internal medicine physicians also do not advocate surgery for patients; or for some reason, do not inform patients of the option of surgical treatment. Our opinion: In fact, both medical and surgical textbooks clearly state that “surgical treatment is recommended for more than two episodes of pneumothorax”. The vast majority of internal medicine physicians are not unaware of what to do, but are driven by the interest to take unknown patients into their hands and to overdo the ineffective medical treatment. Myth 3: Pneumothorax attack, closed drainage of the chest cavity, continuous air leakage for more than two weeks, but still continue medical treatment, resulting in some serious consequences every time, such as the formation of abscess chest; lung surface fiber plate formation, even if the surgery lung is difficult to completely reopen; thoracic adhesions dense, surgery more difficult, bleeding more; originally can be completed thoracoscopic surgery, due to prolonged drainage, forced to open chest surgery, etc.. Our opinion: in fact, two weeks of drainage, still leaking patients, as long as the body can tolerate, then it is best to surgery. Myth 4: Thoracoscopic surgery is “incomplete” and “unclean”. Our opinion: In fact, the development of thoracoscopic surgery technology today can complete almost all the operations under open chest surgery, such as thoracoscopic mediastinal lymph node dissection surgery, so thoracoscopic surgery for pneumothorax can completely achieve the same surgical cure effect as standard open chest incision (incision length 20-25cm), but the minimally invasive effect of thoracoscopy is incomparable to that of open chest surgery. Myth 5: In recent years, many internists like to use “deep vein placement” to replace the previous chest drainage tube. Our opinion: this method has good effect in early stage and is easy to be accepted by patients. But practice shows: this kind of drainage tube is easy to block after three or four days, often delaying the treatment, when using this situation to pay attention to. Myth 6: Many patients, family members and even doctors will say “it’s just a simple pneumothorax surgery”. Our opinion: Admittedly, in most cases, pneumothorax surgery is not complicated, but in case of repeated attacks, repeated intubation and drainage, elderly patients, combined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), low cardiopulmonary function, large and multiple pulmonary blisters, the surgery is not so simple, sometimes the surgery requires special methods, techniques, materials and surgical procedures, and the perioperative period is also quite risky. Sometimes the surgery requires special methods, techniques, materials and surgical procedures, and the perioperative period can be quite risky.