Cervical cancer is one of the common gynecological malignancies, and its incidence has been increasing year by year in recent years, and the development trend is younger. According to authoritative medical data, 50% of women who make a diagnosis of cervical cancer tell their doctors that they have never had a cervical cytology examination, and another 10% have not been screened in the past 5 years. The progression from cervical precancerous lesions to cervical cancer takes about 10 years. Therefore, cervical cancer is a preventable and curable gynecological malignancy, and the key is to interrupt the precancerous lesions of cervical cancer. Routine cancer prevention screening can not only detect cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer at an early stage, but also provide conditions for early diagnosis and timely treatment. What are the main reasons for the development of cervical cancer in women? The increasing incidence of cervical cancer is related to factors such as young age and early marriage, early childbirth and disordered sexual life. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the cervical epithelium is closely related to the development of cervical cancer. Most cervical precancerous lesions are accompanied by HPV infection. Although the true prevalence of cervical HPV infection is unknown, it is the most common sexually transmitted disease, with more than 60% of sexually active women younger than 35 years of age having HPV infection. 80% of HPV infections are transient and are cleared by the body’s immune response without clinical symptoms even without treatment, while the average duration of infection for high-risk HPV types is up to 13.5 months, with a small proportion of high-risk HPV being If combined with other factors, including smoking and long-term use of oral contraceptives, cervical epithelium may become tumorigenic. How to screen for pre-cancerous cervical lesions? Some people think they don’t need to be screened because they don’t have cervical erosion, which is wrong because the two are not the same thing. Therefore, it is recommended that all women over 18 years old who have sex should have cervical cytology examination once a year to determine whether they have precancerous lesions. Secondly, HPVDNA test should be performed. It is an objective indicator with high sensitivity and has been gradually used for cervical cancer screening in recent years. Some studies have found that women with HPV are 3.8 times more likely to be diagnosed with mild precancerous lesions during follow-up than women with initial HPV negativity, and 12.7 times more likely to be found with moderate or severe precancerous lesions than HPV negative women. Therefore, as an infectious disease, cervical cancer can be effectively prevented through cervical precancer screening, timely removal of lesions, elimination of HPV infection, and follow-up.